Overcoming the Entropy Penalty of Direct Air Capture for Efficient Gigatonne Removal of Carbon Dioxide

Soeherman, Jimmy K.; Jones, Andrew J.; Dauenhauer, Paul J.

doi:10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00043

Title: Overcoming the Entropy Penalty of Direct Air Capture for Efficient Gigatonne Removal of Carbon Dioxide

Journal Article · Mon Jan 23 00:00:00 UTC 2023 · ACS Engineering Au

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00043 · OSTI ID:1914328

Soeherman, Jimmy K. ^[1]; Jones, Andrew J. ^[2];

^[1]

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Carba, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN (United States)

Atmospheric carbon poses an existential threat to civilization via global climate change. Hundreds of gigatonnes of carbon dioxide must be removed from earth’s atmosphere in the next three decades, necessitating a low-cost, energy-efficient process to extract low concentrations of carbon dioxide for conversion to a stable material permanently stored for thousands of years. In this work, the challenge of removing gigatonnes of CO₂ is described via the scale of effort and the thermodynamics of collecting and reducing this diffuse chemical, the accumulation of which imparts a substantial entropy penalty on any atmospheric carbon capture process. The methods of CO₂ reduction combined with upstream direct air capture (DAC) including absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption are compared with biomass torrefaction and permanent burial (BTB). A Monte Carlo model assesses the mass, energy, and economics of the full process of biomass torrefaction from biomass collection and transport to stable carbon burial to determine that 95% of scenarios could remove carbon for less than $200 per CO₂-tonne-equivalent. Torrefied carbon is further discussed for its long-term stability and availability at the scale required to substantially mitigate the threat of climate change.

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Research Organization:: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0023464

OSTI ID:: 1914328

Journal Information:: ACS Engineering Au, Journal Name: ACS Engineering Au Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 3; ISSN 2694-2488

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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