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Title: Stable Anode–Free All–Solid–State Lithium Battery through Tuned Metal Wetting on the Copper Current Collector

Journal Article · · Advanced Materials
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI)
  2. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
  3. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  5. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

A stable anode-free all-solid-state battery (AF-ASSB) with sulfide-based solid-electrolyte (SE) (argyrodite Li6PS5Cl) is achieved by tuning wetting of lithium metal on “empty” copper current-collector. Lithiophilic 1 µm Li2Te is synthesized by exposing the collector to tellurium vapor, followed by in situ Li activation during the first charge. The Li2Te significantly reduces the electrodeposition/electrodissolution overpotentials and improves Coulombic efficiency (CE). During continuous electrodeposition experiments using half-cells (1 mA cm–2), the accumulated thickness of electrodeposited Li on Li2Te–Cu is more than 70 µm, which is the thickness of the Li foil counter-electrode. Full AF-ASSB with NMC811 cathode delivers an initial CE of 83% at 0.2C, with a cycling CE above 99%. Additionally, cryogenic focused ion beam (Cryo-FIB) sectioning demonstrates uniform electrodeposited metal microstructure, with no signs of voids or dendrites at the collector-SE interface. Electrodissolution is uniform and complete, with Li2Te remaining structurally stable and adherent. By contrast, an unmodified Cu current-collector promotes inhomogeneous Li electrodeposition/electrodissolution, electrochemically inactive “dead metal,” dendrites that extend into SE, and thick non-uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interspersed with pores. Density functional theory (DFT) and mesoscale calculations provide complementary insight regarding nucleation-growth behavior. Unlike conventional liquid-electrolyte metal batteries, the role of current collector/support lithiophilicity has not been explored for emerging AF-ASSBs.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Mechano-Chemical Understanding of Solid Ion Conductors
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Welch Foundation
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; SC0023438
OSTI ID:
1908491
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-22-32853
Journal Information:
Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 35; ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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