Soil phosphorus drawdown by perennial bioenergy cropping systems in the Midwestern US
[1];
[2];
[3]
- Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI (United States). W. K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
- Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI (United States). W. K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY (United States)
- Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI (United States). W. K. Kellogg Biological Station; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Without fertilization, harvest of perennial bioenergy cropping systems diminishes soil nutrient stocks, yet the time course of nutrient drawdown has not often been investigated. We analyzed phosphorus (P) inputs (fertilization and atmospheric deposition) and outputs (harvest and leaching losses) over 7 years in three representative biomass crops—switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and hybrid poplar trees (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii)—as well as in no-till corn (maize; Zea mays L.) for comparison, all planted on former cropland in SW Michigan, USA. Only corn received P fertilizer. Corn (grain and stover), switchgrass, and miscanthus were harvested annually, while poplar was harvested after 6 years. Soil test P (STP; Bray-1 method) was measured in the upper 25 cm of soil annually. Harvest P removal was calculated from tissue P concentration and harvest yield (or annual woody biomass accrual in poplar). Leaching was estimated as total dissolved P concentration in soil solutions sampled beneath the rooting depth (1.25 m), combined with hydrological modeling. Fertilization and harvest were by far the dominant P budget terms for corn, and harvest P removal dominated the P budgets in switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar, while atmospheric deposition and leaching losses were comparatively insignificant. Because of significant P removal by harvest, the P balances of switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar were negative and corresponded with decreasing STP, whereas P fertilization compensated for the harvest P removal in corn, resulting in a positive P balance. Results indicate that perennial crop harvest without P fertilization removed legacy P from soils, and continued harvest will soon draw P down to limiting levels, even in soils once heavily P-fertilized. Widespread cultivation of bioenergy crops may, therefore, alter P balances in agricultural landscapes, eventually requiring P fertilization, which could be supplied by P recovery from harvested biomass.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC02-07ER64494; SC0018409; DEB 1832042; DE‐FC02‐07ER64494; DE‐SC0018409
- OSTI ID:
- 1903397
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1903399; OSTI ID: 2418902
- Journal Information:
- Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Vol. 15, Issue 2; ISSN 1757-1693
- Publisher:
- WileyCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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