Investigations on the effect of current density on SiO/Si composite electrodes

Xiong, Jie; Yang, Jian; Wang, Guanyi; Saeed, Tahseen; Liu, Yuzi; Kaczmarek, Stephen E.; Lu, Wenquan; Wu, Qingliu

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139072

Title: Investigations on the effect of current density on SiO/Si composite electrodes

Journal Article · 10 August 2021 · Electrochimica Acta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139072 · OSTI ID:1878225

^[1];

^[1]; Wang, Guanyi ^[1]; Saeed, Tahseen ^[1]; Liu, Yuzi ^[2];

^[1]; Lu, Wenquan ^[2];

^[1]

Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo MI (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

An oxide layer on the surface of silicon particles is inevitable and is necessary for their application as anode materials for lithium ion batteries with high capacity and durability. However, a thick surficial oxide layer could significantly reduce the capacity of a Si anode. Here, Si nanoparticles with a thick surficial oxide layer of ~20 nm (Si@SiO_x) were fabricated through thermal oxidation and investigated electrochemically. The results revealed that very low current density is needed to activate Si@SiO_x anodes during the first formation cycle. Once activated, the Si@SiO_x anode can deliver reversible capacity as high as ~1000 mAh/g with low current density. Then, the Si@SiO_x can be cycled at higher current densities of >700 mAh/g. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the lower current density results in lower charge-transfer resistance of the Si@SiO_x anode, suggesting a higher degree of lithiation of the surficial oxide layer during low-current activation. EIS analysis also reveals that the lithiation of the surficial oxide is irreversible. We believe that the surface silicon oxide layer is lithiated and forms lithium silicate during the initial activation process. Lithium silicate has high conductivity and allows the lithiation/delithiation of Si core under the oxide layer during following charge and discharge.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1878225

Journal Information:: Electrochimica Acta, Journal Name: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 393; ISSN 0013-4686

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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Title: Investigations on the effect of current density on SiO/Si composite electrodes

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