Hot and dense matter equation of state probability distributions for astrophysical simulations
Abstract
We add an ensemble of nuclei to the equation of state for homogeneous nucleonic matter to generate a new set of models suitable for astrophysical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. We implement empirical constraints from (i) nuclear mass measurements, (ii) proton-proton scattering phase shifts, and (iii) neutron star observations. Our model is also guided by microscopic many-body theory calculations based on realistic nuclear forces, including the zero-temperature neutron matter equation of state from quantum Monte Carlo simulations and thermal contributions to the free energy from finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory. We ensure that the parameters of our model can be varied while preserving thermodynamic consistency and the connection to experimental or observational data, thus providing a probability distribution of the astrophysical hot and dense matter equation of state. Furthermore, we compare our results with those obtained from other available equations of state. While our probability distributions indeed represent a large number of possible equations of state, we cannot yet claim to have fully explored all of the uncertainties, especially with regard to the structure of nuclei in the hot and dense medium.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1877461
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231; SC0018232; PHY1652199
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. C
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Asymmetric nuclear matter; Equations of state of nuclear matter; Nuclear astrophysics; Nuclear density functional theory; Symmetry energy
Citation Formats
Du, Xingfu, Steiner, Andrew W., and Holt, Jeremy W. Hot and dense matter equation of state probability distributions for astrophysical simulations. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.035803.
Du, Xingfu, Steiner, Andrew W., & Holt, Jeremy W. Hot and dense matter equation of state probability distributions for astrophysical simulations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.035803
Du, Xingfu, Steiner, Andrew W., and Holt, Jeremy W. Mon .
"Hot and dense matter equation of state probability distributions for astrophysical simulations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.105.035803. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877461.
@article{osti_1877461,
title = {Hot and dense matter equation of state probability distributions for astrophysical simulations},
author = {Du, Xingfu and Steiner, Andrew W. and Holt, Jeremy W.},
abstractNote = {We add an ensemble of nuclei to the equation of state for homogeneous nucleonic matter to generate a new set of models suitable for astrophysical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. We implement empirical constraints from (i) nuclear mass measurements, (ii) proton-proton scattering phase shifts, and (iii) neutron star observations. Our model is also guided by microscopic many-body theory calculations based on realistic nuclear forces, including the zero-temperature neutron matter equation of state from quantum Monte Carlo simulations and thermal contributions to the free energy from finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory. We ensure that the parameters of our model can be varied while preserving thermodynamic consistency and the connection to experimental or observational data, thus providing a probability distribution of the astrophysical hot and dense matter equation of state. Furthermore, we compare our results with those obtained from other available equations of state. While our probability distributions indeed represent a large number of possible equations of state, we cannot yet claim to have fully explored all of the uncertainties, especially with regard to the structure of nuclei in the hot and dense medium.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevc.105.035803},
journal = {Physical Review. C},
number = 3,
volume = 105,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Mon Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
A statistical model for a complete supernova equation of state
journal, June 2010
- Hempel, Matthias; Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 837, Issue 3-4
Isospin asymmetry in nuclei and neutron stars
journal, June 2005
- Steiner, A. W.; Prakash, M.; Lattimer, J. M.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 411, Issue 6
Thermodynamics of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter from chiral effective field theory
journal, July 2015
- Wellenhofer, Corbinian; Holt, Jeremy W.; Kaiser, Norbert
- Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 1
Multifragmentation reactions and properties of stellar matter at subnuclear densities
journal, October 2005
- Botvina, A. S.; Mishustin, I. N.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 72, Issue 4
The effective nuclear potential
journal, January 1958
- Skyrme, T. H. R.
- Nuclear Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Nuclear partition functions
journal, December 1978
- Fowler, W. A.; Woosley, S. E.; Engelbrecht, C. A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 226
Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure
journal, May 2014
- Kortelainen, M.; McDonnell, J.; Nazarewicz, W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 5
Influence of light nuclei on neutrino-driven supernova outflows
journal, July 2008
- Arcones, A.; Martínez-Pinedo, G.; O'Connor, E.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 1
Maximum mass and radius of neutron stars, and the nuclear symmetry energy
journal, March 2012
- Gandolfi, S.; Carlson, J.; Reddy, Sanjay
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 3
Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817
journal, November 2017
- Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
Microscopic optical potential from chiral nuclear forces
journal, August 2013
- Holt, J. W.; Kaiser, N.; Miller, G. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2
Second relativistic mean field and virial equation of state for astrophysical simulations
journal, June 2011
- Shen, G.; Horowitz, C. J.; O’Connor, E.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 6
Hot and dense homogeneous nucleonic matter constrained by observations, experiment, and theory
journal, February 2019
- Du, Xingfu; Steiner, Andrew W.; Holt, Jeremy W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 2
The Ground State of Matter at High Densities: Equation of State and Stellar Models
journal, November 1971
- Baym, Gordon; Pethick, Christopher; Sutherland, Peter
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 170
Using neutron star observations to determine crust thicknesses, moments of inertia, and tidal deformabilities
journal, January 2015
- Steiner, A. W.; Gandolfi, S.; Fattoyev, F. J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 1
Light -shell nuclei with cluster structures ( ) in nuclear matter
journal, June 2020
- Röpke, Gerd
- Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 6
Charged-current neutrino interactions in core-collapse supernovae in a virial expansion
journal, December 2012
- Horowitz, C. J.; Shen, G.; O’Connor, Evan
- Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 6
Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event
journal, October 2017
- Kasen, Daniel; Metzger, Brian; Barnes, Jennifer
- Nature, Vol. 551, Issue 7678
Thermal properties of supernova matter: The bulk homogeneous phase
journal, June 2014
- Constantinou, Constantinos; Muccioli, Brian; Prakash, Madappa
- Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 6
Inner crust of a neutron star at the point of crystallization in a multicomponent approach
journal, August 2020
- Carreau, T.; Fantina, A. F.; Gulminelli, F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 640
Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
journal, March 1995
- Moller, P.; Nix, J. R.; Myers, W. D.
- Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 59, Issue 2, p. 185-381
Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity
journal, March 2015
- Sekiguchi, Yuichiro; Kiuchi, Kenta; Kyutoku, Koutarou
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 6
Equation of state effects in the core collapse of a star
journal, November 2019
- Schneider, A. S.; Roberts, L. F.; Ott, C. D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 5
Equation-of-state Dependence of Gravitational Waves in Core-collapse Supernovae
journal, December 2021
- Eggenberger Andersen, Oliver; Zha, Shuai; da Silva Schneider, André
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2
Relativistic effective interaction for nuclei, giant resonances, and neutron stars
journal, November 2010
- Fattoyev, F. J.; Horowitz, C. J.; Piekarewicz, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 5
Realistic finite-temperature effects in neutron star merger simulations
journal, September 2021
- Raithel, Carolyn A.; Paschalidis, Vasileios; Özel, Feryal
- Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 6
Toward order-by-order calculations of the nuclear and neutron matter equations of state in chiral effective field theory
journal, May 2015
- Sammarruca, F.; Coraggio, L.; Holt, J. W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 5
Neutrino breakup of nuclei in supernovae
journal, May 2007
- O'Connor, E.; Gazit, D.; Horowitz, C. J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 75, Issue 5
Properties of highly excited nuclei
journal, October 1984
- Bonche, P.; Levit, S.; Vautherin, D.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 427, Issue 2
Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
journal, December 2017
- Shibata, Masaru; Fujibayashi, Sho; Hotokezaka, Kenta
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 12
Chiral thermodynamics of nuclear matter
journal, April 2012
- Fiorilla, Salvatore; Kaiser, Norbert; Weise, Wolfram
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 880
Nuclear pasta in hot dense matter and its implications for neutrino scattering
journal, April 2018
- Roggero, Alessandro; Margueron, Jérôme; Roberts, Luke F.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 4
Distribution of nuclei in equilibrium stellar matter from the free-energy density in a Wigner-Seitz cell
journal, March 2018
- Grams, G.; Giraud, S.; Fantina, A. F.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 3
Equation of state of nuclear matter in a virial expansion of nucleons and nuclei
journal, October 2010
- Shen, G.; Horowitz, C. J.; Teige, S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 4
Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
journal, January 2018
- Rezzolla, Luciano; Most, Elias R.; Weih, Lukas R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
journal, January 2018
- Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
Microscopically constrained mean-field models from chiral nuclear thermodynamics
journal, June 2016
- Rrapaj, Ermal; Roggero, Alessandro; Holt, Jeremy W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. VII. Simultaneous fits to masses and fission barriers
journal, June 2007
- Goriely, S.; Samyn, M.; Pearson, J. M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 75, Issue 6
Structure of neutron star crusts from new Skyrme effective interactions constrained by chiral effective field theory
journal, June 2017
- Lim, Yeunhwan; Holt, Jeremy W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6
Consequences of Nuclear Electron Capture in Core Collapse Supernovae
journal, November 2003
- Hix, W. R.; Messer, O. E. B.; Mezzacappa, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 20
New equations of state constrained by nuclear physics, observations, and QCD calculations of high-density nuclear matter
journal, February 2021
- Huth, S.; Wellenhofer, C.; Schwenk, A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 103, Issue 2
Neutron matter from chiral effective field theory interactions
journal, August 2013
- Krüger, T.; Tews, I.; Hebeler, K.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2
Composition and thermodynamics of nuclear matter with light clusters
journal, January 2010
- Typel, S.; Röpke, G.; Klähn, T.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 1
Equation of state in the gravitational collapse of stars
journal, July 1979
- Bethe, H. A.; Brown, G. E.; Applegate, J.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 324, Issue 2-3
Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall equation of state for simulations of supernovae, neutron stars, and binary mergers
journal, August 2019
- Schneider, A. S.; Constantinou, C.; Muccioli, B.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium equation of state for core collapse
journal, March 2019
- Raduta, Ad. R.; Gulminelli, F.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 983
Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron Stars
journal, April 2008
- Hinderer, Tanja
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 2
Comparison of Statistical Treatments for the Equation of State for Core-Collapse Supernovae
journal, December 2009
- Souza, S. R.; Steiner, A. W.; Lynch, W. G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 707, Issue 2
Phase transitions in core-collapse supernova matter at sub-saturation densities
journal, December 2014
- Pais, Helena; Newton, William G.; Stone, Jirina R.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 6
Relativistic equation of state of nuclear matter for supernova and neutron star
journal, July 1998
- Shen, H.; Toki, H.; Oyamatsu, K.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 637, Issue 3
New Equations of State in Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
journal, March 2012
- Hempel, M.; Fischer, T.; Schaffner-Bielich, J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 748, Issue 1
A new Baryonic Equation of State at Sub-Nuclear Densities for Core-Collapse Simulations
journal, August 2011
- Furusawa, Shun; Yamada, Shoichi; Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 738, Issue 2
Implications of PREX-2 on the Equation of State of Neutron-Rich Matter
journal, April 2021
- Reed, Brendan T.; Fattoyev, F. J.; Horowitz, C. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 17
Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering
journal, April 2021
- Adhikari, D.; Albataineh, H.; Androic, D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 17
On the accuracy of the single-nucleus approximation in the equation of state of hot, dense matter
journal, October 1984
- Burrows, A.; Lattimer, J. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 285
Neutron-star Radius Constraints from GW170817 and Future Detections
journal, November 2017
- Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Janka, Hans-Thomas
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
Core-Collapse Supernova Equations of State Based on Neutron star Observations
journal, August 2013
- Steiner, A. W.; Hempel, M.; Fischer, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 774, Issue 1
A new open-source code for spherically symmetric stellar collapse to neutron stars and black holes
journal, May 2010
- O'Connor, Evan; Ott, Christian D.
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 27, Issue 11
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007
- Hunter, John D.
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3
The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2012
- Audi, G.; Wang, M.; Wapstra, A. H.
- Chinese Physics C, Vol. 36, Issue 12
GW170817, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and the neutron star maximum mass
journal, January 2018
- Ruiz, Milton; Shapiro, Stuart L.; Tsokaros, Antonios
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 2
A generalized equation of state for hot, dense matter
journal, December 1991
- Lattimer, James M.; Douglas Swesty, F.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 535, Issue 2
Neutron-Rich Nuclei and Neutron Stars: A New Accurately Calibrated Interaction for the Study of Neutron-Rich Matter
journal, September 2005
- Todd-Rutel, B. G.; Piekarewicz, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 12
Nuclear dipole polarizability from mean-field modeling constrained by chiral effective field theory
journal, February 2018
- Zhang, Zhen; Lim, Yeunhwan; Holt, Jeremy W.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 777
New Hyperon Equations of State for Supernovae and Neutron Stars in Density-Dependent Hadron Field Theory
journal, September 2014
- Banik, Sarmistha; Hempel, Matthias; Bandyopadhyay, Debades
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 214, Issue 2
Physical properties of hot, dense matter: The general case
journal, January 1985
- Lattimer, J. M.; Pethick, C. J.; Ravenhall, D. G.
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 432, Issue 3
Microscopic optical potential for exotic isotopes from chiral effective field theory
journal, June 2016
- Holt, J. W.; Kaiser, N.; Miller, G. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Nuclear partition functions at high temperature
journal, August 1979
- Tubbs, D. L.; Koonin, S. E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 232