DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

Abstract

As lead halide perovskites (LHPs) continue to achieve success as a light-harvesting material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), exploring and understanding other materials in the device stack become increasingly important. Particularly, selection of suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) that demonstrate high performance and stability is imperative in the design of P-I-N PSCs. Presented here are a family of 12 structurally related polymers based on either fluorene or carbazole main chains with select aromatic side groups that introduce tunable properties for use in PSCs. How properties such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, conductivity, glass-transition temperature, and wettability of the HTM affect the PSC performance is explored. Devices that incorporate the polymer HTMs perform well relative to PTAA in benchmark P-I-N PSC architectures while exhibiting similar or superior stability under accelerated aging studies. The relative synthetic simplicity and resultant performance of the HTMs in PSCs coupled with the ability to customize properties with different functional groups demonstrates the potential of this family of HTMs for a variety of LHP materials.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]
  1. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
  2. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  3. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1877362
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1896711
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5900-83260
Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962; MainId:84033;UUID:b5e01f46-a3b1-4bd0-a8e6-1f74edf3af0e;MainAdminID:64895
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308; EE0008978
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
ACS Applied Energy Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; Buchwald-Hartwig coupling; carbazole; device stability; fluorene; hole transport materials; perovskite solar cells; polymers; tunable HOMO

Citation Formats

Hoffman, Jacob B., Astridge, Daniel D., Park, So Yeon, Zhang, Fei, Yang, Mengjin, Moore, David T., Harvey, Steven P., Zhu, Kai, and Sellinger, Alan. Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c01057.
Hoffman, Jacob B., Astridge, Daniel D., Park, So Yeon, Zhang, Fei, Yang, Mengjin, Moore, David T., Harvey, Steven P., Zhu, Kai, & Sellinger, Alan. Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c01057
Hoffman, Jacob B., Astridge, Daniel D., Park, So Yeon, Zhang, Fei, Yang, Mengjin, Moore, David T., Harvey, Steven P., Zhu, Kai, and Sellinger, Alan. Tue . "Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c01057. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877362.
@article{osti_1877362,
title = {Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance},
author = {Hoffman, Jacob B. and Astridge, Daniel D. and Park, So Yeon and Zhang, Fei and Yang, Mengjin and Moore, David T. and Harvey, Steven P. and Zhu, Kai and Sellinger, Alan},
abstractNote = {As lead halide perovskites (LHPs) continue to achieve success as a light-harvesting material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), exploring and understanding other materials in the device stack become increasingly important. Particularly, selection of suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) that demonstrate high performance and stability is imperative in the design of P-I-N PSCs. Presented here are a family of 12 structurally related polymers based on either fluorene or carbazole main chains with select aromatic side groups that introduce tunable properties for use in PSCs. How properties such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, conductivity, glass-transition temperature, and wettability of the HTM affect the PSC performance is explored. Devices that incorporate the polymer HTMs perform well relative to PTAA in benchmark P-I-N PSC architectures while exhibiting similar or superior stability under accelerated aging studies. The relative synthetic simplicity and resultant performance of the HTMs in PSCs coupled with the ability to customize properties with different functional groups demonstrates the potential of this family of HTMs for a variety of LHP materials.},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.2c01057},
journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
number = 7,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Intriguing Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites
journal, June 2016


Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Progresses and Perspectives
journal, May 2016


Advances in hole transport materials engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
journal, April 2017


Purity of organic semiconductors as a key factor for the performance of organic electronic devices
journal, January 2020

  • Yumusak, Cigdem; Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar; Irimia-Vladu, Mihai
  • Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 4, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1039/d0qm00690d

On the Glass Transition of Polymer Semiconductors and Its Impact on Polymer Solar Cell Stability
journal, March 2015


A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application
journal, June 2018


Tailored interfaces of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells for >1,000 hour operational stability
journal, January 2018


The effect of residual palladium catalyst on the performance and stability of PCDTBT:PC70BM organic solar cells
journal, December 2015


Electrochemical and Thermal Etching of Indium Tin Oxide by Solid-State Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites
journal, July 2019


Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

  • Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja809598r

The Role of Bulk and Interface Recombination in High‐Efficiency Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2019


Carbazole-Based Hole-Transport Materials for High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2020

  • Gao, Liguo; Schloemer, Tracy H.; Zhang, Fei
  • ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00179

Scaling-up perovskite solar cells on hydrophobic surfaces
journal, March 2021


Progress in hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
journal, May 2018


Methoxy group as an acceptor of proton in hydrogen bonds
journal, December 2002


Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells
journal, April 2019


High-efficiency large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules achieved via electrochemically assembled metal-filamentary nanoelectrodes
journal, August 2018


Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Interfaces
journal, October 2019

  • Wolff, Christian M.; Caprioglio, Pietro; Stolterfoht, Martin
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902762

Non-wetting surface-driven high-aspect-ratio crystalline grain growth for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2015

  • Bi, Cheng; Wang, Qi; Shao, Yuchuan
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8747

Visualization and suppression of interfacial recombination for high-efficiency large-area pin perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2018

  • Stolterfoht, Martin; Wolff, Christian M.; Márquez, José A.
  • Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0219-8

Investigating the Effects of Chemical Gradients on Performance and Reliability within Perovskite Solar Cells with TOF-SIMS
journal, February 2020


Metal Oxide-Induced Instability and Its Mitigation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2021

  • Thampy, Sampreetha; Xu, Weijie; Hsu, Julia W. P.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02371

Achieving Large-Area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Introducing an Interfacial Compatibilizer
journal, April 2017


Simple, Robust, and Going More Efficient: Recent Advance on Electron Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2019


Second‐Order Transition Temperatures and Related Properties of Polystyrene. I. Influence of Molecular Weight
journal, June 1950

  • Fox, Thomas G.; Flory, Paul J.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1699711

Atomistic Origins of High-Performance in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2014

  • Frost, Jarvist M.; Butler, Keith T.; Brivio, Federico
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl500390f

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2021

  • Abzieher, Tobias; Feeney, Thomas; Schackmar, Fabian
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202104482

Synergistic interface and compositional engineering of inverted perovskite solar cells enables highly efficient and stable photovoltaic devices
journal, January 2019

  • Zhao, Jiayuan; Tavakoli, Rouhollah; Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 62
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04364k

Tailoring Perovskite Adjacent Interfaces by Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells
journal, February 2020

  • Li, Bowei; Xiang, Yuren; Jayawardena, K. D. G. Imalka
  • Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/solr.202000060

Perovskite-Based Solar Cells
journal, October 2013


Effect of molecular weight on the properties and organic solar cell device performance of a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer
journal, January 2015

  • Xiao, Zeyun; Sun, Kuan; Subbiah, Jegadesan
  • Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1039/c4py01631a

Reducing photovoltage loss at the anode contact of methylammonium-free inverted perovskite solar cells by conjugated polyelectrolyte doping
journal, January 2020

  • Wang, He; Song, Yilong; Kang, Yifei
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1039/d0ta00892c

Molecular origins of fluorocarbon hydrophobicity
journal, July 2010

  • Dalvi, V. H.; Rossky, P. J.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0915169107

Catalyst-transfer polymerization of arylamines by the Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling
journal, January 2019

  • Grisorio, Roberto; Suranna, Gian Paolo
  • Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 10, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8py01646a

The dual role of ozone-treated aluminum doped zinc oxide for CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells
journal, March 2019


Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3-V voltage loss
journal, September 2020


The influence of molecular weight on the microstructure and thin film transistor characteristics of pBTTT polymers.
conference, August 2006

  • Hamilton, Rick; Bailey, Clare; Duffy, Warren
  • SPIE Optics + Photonics, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.682874

Enabling Flexible All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
journal, September 2019


Polymer Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells via Buchwald–Hartwig Amination
journal, November 2021

  • Astridge, Daniel D.; Hoffman, Jacob B.; Zhang, Fei
  • ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00891

Every Atom Counts: Elucidating the Fundamental Impact of Structural Change in Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics
journal, April 2018


Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction
journal, December 2020


Triarylamine polymers of bridged phenylenes by (N-heterocyclic carbene)-palladium catalysed C–N coupling
journal, January 2013

  • Sprick, Reiner Sebastian; Hoyos, Mario; Morrison, John James
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 1, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3tc30368c

Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient and Stable Planar p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, November 2017

  • Bai, Yang; Meng, Xiangyue; Yang, Shihe
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201701883

Polymer-Passivated Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V
journal, January 2018

  • Zeng, Qingsen; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Feng, Xiaolei
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705393