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Title: First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen

Abstract

Here, in a number of reported instances, implosions utilizing fuel mixtures have resulted in anomalously low fusion yields below those predicted by radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Inter-species ion diffusion has been suggested as a possible cause of the observed yield degradation in fuel mixture implosions. An experimental platform utilizing hydro-equivalent deuterium–tritium (DT), deuterium–tritium–hydrogen (DTH), and deuterium-tritium-helium3 (DT3He) capsule implosions was developed to determine whether the inter-species ion diffusion theory may describe the resulting fuel mixture implosion behavior. The implosion experiments were performed at the Omega laser facility. X-ray images and shell areal density diagnostics results show that the hydro-equivalent three capsules (DT, DTH, and DT3He) have similar compression behavior. However, nuclear yield deviation was observed from the scaling determined using a fusion yield formula. In the DT3He mixture, a reduced yield of a factor of 0.65 ± 0.13 was observed, which is similar to a yield reduction observed in D3He mixture by Rygg et al. (i.e., Rygg effect). In contrast, in the DTH mixture, a factor of 1.17 ±0.15 yield increase was observed, which we named the inverse Rygg effect. The yield increase observed in the DTH mixture is consistent with the inter-species ion diffusion theory where lighter H diffuses away frommore » the core and concentrated DT in the core produces higher yield. An inter-species ion diffusion model, the Zimmerman–Paquette–Kagan–Zhdanov model, implemented in a Lagrangian radiation-hydrodynamics fluid code, was also used to analyze the present data, without the need to assume hydrodynamic equivalence of the capsules, but it does not completely explain the DTH or DT3He capsules although its effects are in the correct direction. Simulation-based Bayesian inference was used in the latter analysis to quantify the uncertainty in the numerical simulations. The simulation-based analysis resulted in an inferred Rygg-effect yield decrease factor of 0.91 ± 0.02 for the DT3He mixture, and an inferred inverse-Rygg yield increase factor of 1.21 ± 0.04 for the DTH mixture, based on simulations ignoring ion diffusion.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)
  3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  4. University of Rochester, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1875793
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1761552
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-20-25953
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; TRN: US2307257
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physics of Plasmas
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; thermonuclear reaction; explosions; hydrodynamics simulations; lasers; shock compression

Citation Formats

Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Hoffman, N. M., Schmitt, M. J., Kagan, G., McEvoy, A. M., Zylstra, A. B., Smidt, J. M., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Rubery, M., Gatu Johnson, M., Frenje, J. A., Yu Glebov, V., and Forrest, C. First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1063/5.0030852.
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Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Hoffman, N. M., Schmitt, M. J., Kagan, G., McEvoy, A. M., Zylstra, A. B., Smidt, J. M., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Rubery, M., Gatu Johnson, M., Frenje, J. A., Yu Glebov, V., & Forrest, C. First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0030852
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Kim, Y., Herrmann, H. W., Hoffman, N. M., Schmitt, M. J., Kagan, G., McEvoy, A. M., Zylstra, A. B., Smidt, J. M., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Rubery, M., Gatu Johnson, M., Frenje, J. A., Yu Glebov, V., and Forrest, C. Fri . "First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0030852. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1875793.
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@article{osti_1875793,
title = {First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen},
author = {Kim, Y. and Herrmann, H. W. and Hoffman, N. M. and Schmitt, M. J. and Kagan, G. and McEvoy, A. M. and Zylstra, A. B. and Smidt, J. M. and Gales, S. and Leatherland, A. and Rubery, M. and Gatu Johnson, M. and Frenje, J. A. and Yu Glebov, V. and Forrest, C.},
abstractNote = {Here, in a number of reported instances, implosions utilizing fuel mixtures have resulted in anomalously low fusion yields below those predicted by radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Inter-species ion diffusion has been suggested as a possible cause of the observed yield degradation in fuel mixture implosions. An experimental platform utilizing hydro-equivalent deuterium–tritium (DT), deuterium–tritium–hydrogen (DTH), and deuterium-tritium-helium3 (DT3He) capsule implosions was developed to determine whether the inter-species ion diffusion theory may describe the resulting fuel mixture implosion behavior. The implosion experiments were performed at the Omega laser facility. X-ray images and shell areal density diagnostics results show that the hydro-equivalent three capsules (DT, DTH, and DT3He) have similar compression behavior. However, nuclear yield deviation was observed from the scaling determined using a fusion yield formula. In the DT3He mixture, a reduced yield of a factor of 0.65 ± 0.13 was observed, which is similar to a yield reduction observed in D3He mixture by Rygg et al. (i.e., Rygg effect). In contrast, in the DTH mixture, a factor of 1.17 ±0.15 yield increase was observed, which we named the inverse Rygg effect. The yield increase observed in the DTH mixture is consistent with the inter-species ion diffusion theory where lighter H diffuses away from the core and concentrated DT in the core produces higher yield. An inter-species ion diffusion model, the Zimmerman–Paquette–Kagan–Zhdanov model, implemented in a Lagrangian radiation-hydrodynamics fluid code, was also used to analyze the present data, without the need to assume hydrodynamic equivalence of the capsules, but it does not completely explain the DTH or DT3He capsules although its effects are in the correct direction. Simulation-based Bayesian inference was used in the latter analysis to quantify the uncertainty in the numerical simulations. The simulation-based analysis resulted in an inferred Rygg-effect yield decrease factor of 0.91 ± 0.02 for the DT3He mixture, and an inferred inverse-Rygg yield increase factor of 1.21 ± 0.04 for the DTH mixture, based on simulations ignoring ion diffusion.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0030852},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 1,
volume = 28,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Fri Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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