Snowmass 2021 Whitepaper: Proton Structure at the Precision Frontier

Journal Article · Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 UTC 2023 · Acta Phys.Polon.B

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5506/APhysPolB.53.12-A1 · OSTI ID:1872456

Amoroso, S. ^[1]; Apyan, A. ^[2]; Armesto, N.  ^[3]; Ball, R. D. ^[4]; Bertone, V. ^[5]; Bissolotti, C.  ^[6]; Bluemlein, J.  ^[1]; Boughezal, R. ^[6]; Bozzi, G.  ^[7]; Britzger, D. ^[8]; Buckley, A. ^[9]; Candido, A.  ^[10]; Carrazza, S. ^[10]; Celiberto, F. G.  ^[11]; Cerci, S. ^[12]; Chachamis, G. ^[13]; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. ^[14]; Courtoy, A. ^[15]; Cridge, T. ^[16]; Cruz-Martinez, J. M.  ^[10] ; Giuli, F. ^[17]; Guzzi, M. G. ^[18]; Gwenlan, C. ^[14]; Harland-Lang, L. A. ^[19]; Hekhorn, F.  ^[10]; Hentschinski, M.; Hobbs, T. J.  ^[20]; Hoeche, S.  ^[21]; Huss, A. ^[17]; Huston, J. ^[22]; Jadach, S.; Jalilian-Marian, J. ^[23]; Klein, M. ^[24]; Krintiras, G. K. ^[25]; Lin, H.-W.  ^[22]; Loizides, C. ^[26]; Magni, G.  ^[27]; Malaescu, B. ^[28]; Mistlberger, B. ^[29]; Moch, S. ^[30]; Nadolsky, P. M.  ^[31]; Nocera, E. R. ^[4]; Olness, F. I. ^[31]; Petriello, F. ^[32]; Pires, J. ^[33]; Rabbertz, K. ^[34]; Rojo, J. ^[27]; Royon, C.; Schnell, G. ^[35]; Schwan, C. ^[36]; Siodmok, A.  ^[37]; Soper, D. E. ^[38]; Sutton, M. ^[39]; Thorne, R. S. ^[40]; Ubiali, M.  ^[41]; Vita, G. ^[29]; Weber, J. H.  ^[42]; Whitehead, J. ; Xie, K.  ^[43]; Yuan, C.-P. ^[22]; Zhou, B.  ^[44]

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1. DESY
2. Brandeis U.
3. Santiago de Compostela U., IGFAE
4. U. Edinburgh, Higgs Ctr. Theor. Phys.
5. IRFU, Saclay
6. Argonne
7. Cagliari U.; INFN, Cagliari
8. Munich, Max Planck Inst.
9. Glasgow U.
10. Milan U.; INFN, Milan
11. ECT, Trento; FBK, CIT, Trento; TIFPA-INFN, Trento
12. Adiyaman U.
13. LIP, Lisbon
14. Oxford U.
15. Mexico U.
16. U. Coll. London
17. CERN
18. Kennesaw State U.
19. Oxford U., Theor. Phys.
20. Fermilab; IIT, Chicago
21. Fermilab
22. Michigan State U.
23. Baruch Coll.
24. Liverpool U.
25. Kansas U.
26. ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)
27. Vrije U., Amsterdam; Nikhef, Amsterdam
28. LPNHE, Paris
29. SLAC
30. Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II
31. Southern Methodist U.
32. Northwestern U.; Argonne
33. LIP, Lisbon; Lisbon U.
34. KIT, Karlsruhe
35. Basque U., Bilbao; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao
36. Wurzburg U.
37. Jagiellonian U.
38. Oregon U.
39. Sussex U.
40. University Coll. London
41. Cambridge U., DAMTP
42. Humboldt U., Berlin
43. Pittsburgh U.
44. Johns Hopkins U.

An overwhelming number of theoretical predictions for hadron colliders require parton distribution functions (PDFs), which are an important ingredient of theory infrastructure for the next generation of high-energy experiments. This whitepaper summarizes the status and future prospects for determination of high-precision PDFs applicable in a wide range of energies and experiments, in particular in precision tests of the Standard Model and in new physics searches at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Electron–Ion Collider. We discuss the envisioned advancements in experimental measurements, QCD theory, global analysis methodology, and computing that are necessary to bring unpolarized PDFs in the nucleon to the N2LO and N3LO accuracy in the QCD coupling strength. Special attention is given to the new tasks that emerge in the era of the precision PDF analysis, such as those focusing on the robust control of systematic factors both in experimental measurements and theoretical computations. Various synergies between experimental and theoretical studies of the hadron structure are explored, including opportunities for studying PDFs for nuclear and meson targets, PDFs with electroweak contributions or dependence on the transverse momentum, for incisive comparisons between phenomenological models for the PDFs and computations on discrete lattice, and for cross-fertilization with machine learning/AI approaches.

• Research Organization: Adiyaman U.; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Baruch Coll.; Basque U., Bilbao; Brandeis U.; CERN; Cagliari U.; Cambridge U., DAMTP; DESY; ECT, Trento; FBK, CIT, Trento; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Glasgow U.; Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II; Humboldt U., Berlin; IIT, Chicago; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao; INFN, Cagliari; INFN, Milan; IRFU, Saclay; Jagiellonian U.; Johns Hopkins U.; KIT, Karlsruhe; Kansas U.; Kennesaw State U.; LIP, Lisbon; LPNHE, Paris; Lisbon U.; Liverpool U.; Mexico U.; Michigan State U.; Milan U.; Munich, Max Planck Inst.; Nikhef, Amsterdam; Northwestern U.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oregon U.; Oxford U.; Oxford U., Theor. Phys.; Pittsburgh U.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Santiago de Compostela U., IGFAE; Southern Methodist U.; Sussex U.; TIFPA-INFN, Trento; U. Coll. London; U. Edinburgh, Higgs Ctr. Theor. Phys.; University Coll. London; Vrije U., Amsterdam; Wurzburg U.
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Contributing Organization: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515
• OSTI ID: 1872456
• Report Number(s): Edinburgh 2022/08; FERMILAB-PUB--22-222-QIS-SCD-T; FERMILAB-PUB-22-222-QIS-SCD-T; MPP-2022-32, SLAC-PUB--17652; MPP-2022-32, SLAC-PUB-17652; SMU-HEP-22-02; TIF-UNIMI-2022-6; arXiv:2203.13923; oai:inspirehep.net:2059340; oai:inspirehep.net:2059340; arXiv:2203.13923
• Journal Information: Acta Phys.Polon.B, Journal Name: Acta Phys.Polon.B Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 53
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English