Title: Electron-Hadron Colliders: EIC, LHeC and FCC-eh

Abstract

Electron-hadron colliders are the ultimate tool for high-precision quantum chromodynamics studies and provide the ultimate microscope for probing the internal structure of hadrons. The electron is an ideal probe of the proton structure because it provides the unmatched precision of the electromagnetic interaction, as the virtual photon or vector bosons probe the proton structure in a clean environment, the kinematics of which is uniquely determined by the electron beam and the scattered lepton, or the hadronic final state accounting appropriately for radiation. The Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator HERA (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) was the only electron-hadron collider ever operated (1991–2007) and advanced the knowledge of quantum chromodynamics and the proton structure, with implications for the physics studied in RHIC (BNL, Upton, NY) and the LHC (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland). Recent technological advances in the field of particle accelerators pave the way to realize next-generation electron-hadron colliders that deliver higher luminosity and enable collisions in a much broader range of energies and beam types than HERA. Electron-hadron colliders combine challenges from both electron and hadron machines besides facing their own distinct challenges derived from their intrinsic asymmetry. This review paper will discuss the major features and milestones of HERA and will examine themore » electron-hadron collider designs of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) currently under construction at BNL, the CERN’s Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC), at an advanced stage of design and awaiting approval, and the Future Circular lepton-hadron Collider (FCC-eh).« less

Authors:

Brüning, Oliver; Seryi, Andrei; Verdú-Andrés, Silvia

Publication Date:

Mon Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); CERN

OSTI Identifier:

1864598

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1863885

Report Number(s):

BNL-222932-2022-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2296-424X; 886473

Grant/Contract Number:  

SC0012704; AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Frontiers in Physics

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Frontiers in Physics Journal Volume: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2296-424X

Publisher:

Frontiers Media SA

Country of Publication:

Switzerland

Language:

English

Subject:

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; electron; hadron; collider; proton; ion