Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

Schönhense, G.; Kutnyakhov, D.; Pressacco, F.; Heber, M.; Wind, N.; Agustsson, S. Y.; Babenkov, S.; Vasilyev, D.; Fedchenko, O.; Chernov, S.; Rettig, L.; Schönhense, B.; Wenthaus, L.; Brenner, G.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Palutke, S.; Mahatha, S. K.; Schirmel, N.; Redlin, H.; Manschwetus, B.; Hartl, I.; Matveyev, Yu.; Gloskovskii, A.; Schlueter, C.; Shokeen, V.; Duerr, H.; Allison, T. K.; Beye, M.; Rossnagel, K.; Elmers, H. J.; Medjanik, K.

doi:10.1063/5.0046567

Title: Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

Journal Article · Thu May 06 00:00:00 UTC 2021 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0046567 · OSTI ID:1852081

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Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany). Institut für Physik; Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Univ. of Hamburg (Germany). Institut für Experimentalphysik
Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany). Institut für Physik
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Depts. of Chemistry and Physics
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin (Germany)
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Bioengineering
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Ruprecht Haensel Lab.
Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Ruprecht Haensel Lab.; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel (Germany). Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik

The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e–e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons. The suppression of space-charge effects scales with the ratio of the photoelectron velocities of fast and slow electrons. Fields in the range from -20 to 01100 V/mm for E_kin = 100 eV to 4 keV direct secondaries and pump-induced slow electrons back to the sample surface. Ray tracing simulations reveal that this happens within the first 40 to 3 μm above the sample surface for E_kin = 100 eV to 4 keV. An optimized front-lens design allows switching between the conventional accelerating and the new retarding mode. Time-resolved experiments at E_kin = 107 eV using fs extreme ultraviolet probe pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH reveal that the width of the Fermi edge increases by just 30 meV at an incident pump fluence of 22 mJ/cm2 (retarding field -21 V/mm). For an accelerating field of +2 kV/mm and a pump fluence of only 5 mJ/cm² , it increases by 0.5 eV (pump wavelength 1030 nm). At the given conditions, the suppression mode permits increasing the slow-electron yield by three to four orders of magnitude. The feasibility of the method at high energies is demonstrated without a pump beam at E_kin = 3830 eV using hard x rays from the storage ring PETRA III. The approach opens up a previously inaccessible regime of pump fluences for photoemission experiments.

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Research Organization:: State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016017

OSTI ID:: 1852081

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 92; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

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