Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog

Everett, S.; Yanny, B.; Kuropatkin, N.; Huff, E. M.; Zhang, Y.; Myles, J.; Masegian, A.; Elvin-Poole, J.; Allam, S.; Bernstein, G. M.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Splettstoesser, M.; Sheldon, E.; Jarvis, M.; Amon, A.; Harrison, I.; Choi, A.; Hartley, W. G.; Alarcon, A.; Sánchez, C.; Gruen, D.; Eckert, K.; Prat, J.; Tabbutt, M.; Busti, V.; Becker, M. R.; MacCrann, N.; Diehl, H. T.; Tucker, D. L.; Bertin, E.; Jeltema, T.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Gruendl, R. A.; Bechtol, K.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Abbott, T. M. C.; Aguena, M.; Annis, J.; Bacon, D.; Bhargava, S.; Brooks, D.; Burke, D. L.; Kind, M. Carrasco; Carretero, J.; Castander, F. J.; Conselice, C.; Costanzi, M.; da Costa, L. N.; Pereira, M. E. S.; De Vicente, J.; DeRose, J.; Desai, S.; Eifler, T. F.; Evrard, A. E.; Ferrero, I.; Fosalba, P.; Frieman, J.; García-Bellido, J.; Gaztanaga, E.; Gerdes, D. W.; Gutierrez, G.; Hinton, S. R.; Hollowood, D. L.; Honscheid, K.; Huterer, D.; James, D. J.; Kent, S.; Krause, E.; Kuehn, K.; Lahav, O.; Lima, M.; Lin, H.; Maia, M. A. G.; Marshall, J. L.; Melchior, P.; Menanteau, F.; Miquel, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Morgan, R.; Muir, J.; Ogando, R. L. C.; Palmese, A.; Paz-Chinchón, F.; Plazas, A. A.; Rodriguez-Monroy, M.; Romer, A. K.; Roodman, A.; Sanchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Serrano, S.; Smith, M.; Soares-Santos, M.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E. C.; Tarle, G.; To, C.; Troxel, M. A.; Varga, T. N.; Weller, J.; Wilkinson, R. D.

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac26c1

Title: Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog

Abstract

We describe an updated calibration and diagnostic framework, Balrog, used to directly sample the selection and photometric biases of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 (Y3) data set. We systematically inject onto the single-epoch images of a random 20% subset of the DES footprint an ensemble of nearly 30 million realistic galaxy models derived from DES Deep Field observations. These augmented images are analyzed in parallel with the original data to automatically inherit measurement systematics that are often too difficult to capture with generative models. The resulting object catalog is a Monte Carlo sampling of the DES transfer function and is used as a powerful diagnostic and calibration tool for a variety of DES Y3 science, particularly for the calibration of the photometric redshifts of distant "source" galaxies and magnification biases of nearer "lens" galaxies. The recovered Balrog injections are shown to closely match the photometric property distributions of the Y3 GOLD catalog, particularly in color, and capture the number density fluctuations from observing conditions of the real data within 1% for a typical galaxy sample. We find that Y3 colors are extremely well calibrated, typically within ~1–8 mmag, but for a small subset of objects, we detect significantmore »« less

Authors:

;

; Zhang, Y.;

; Masegian, A.;

; Allam, S.;

;

; Splettstoesser, M.;

; Jarvis, M.; Amon, A.; Harrison, I.; Choi, A.; Hartley, W. G.; Alarcon, A.; Sánchez, C. more »

(

Publication Date:: Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO); Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC-UK); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Org.:: DES Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1840075

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1824825; OSTI ID: 1844343; OSTI ID: 1862838; OSTI ID: 1883728; OSTI ID: 1984039

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-20-669-E-SCD; arXiv:2012.12825
Journal ID: ISSN 0067-0049

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; SC0010107; A00-1465-001; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series Journal Volume: 258 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0067-0049

Publisher:: American Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; astronomical simulations; cosmology; dark energy; sky surveys

Citation Formats


                    Everett, S., Yanny, B., Kuropatkin, N., Huff, E. M., Zhang, Y., Myles, J., Masegian, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Allam, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Splettstoesser, M., Sheldon, E., Jarvis, M., Amon, A., Harrison, I., Choi, A., Hartley, W. G., Alarcon, A., Sánchez, C., Gruen, D., Eckert, K., Prat, J., Tabbutt, M., Busti, V., Becker, M. R., MacCrann, N., Diehl, H. T., Tucker, D. L., Bertin, E., Jeltema, T., Drlica-Wagner, A., Gruendl, R. A., Bechtol, K., Rosell, A. Carnero, Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Ferrero, I., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Muir, J., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac26c1.

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                    Everett, S., Yanny, B., Kuropatkin, N., Huff, E. M., Zhang, Y., Myles, J., Masegian, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Allam, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Splettstoesser, M., Sheldon, E., Jarvis, M., Amon, A., Harrison, I., Choi, A., Hartley, W. G., Alarcon, A., Sánchez, C., Gruen, D., Eckert, K., Prat, J., Tabbutt, M., Busti, V., Becker, M. R., MacCrann, N., Diehl, H. T., Tucker, D. L., Bertin, E., Jeltema, T., Drlica-Wagner, A., Gruendl, R. A., Bechtol, K., Rosell, A. Carnero, Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Ferrero, I., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Muir, J., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., & DES Collaboration). Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac26c1

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                    Everett, S., Yanny, B., Kuropatkin, N., Huff, E. M., Zhang, Y., Myles, J., Masegian, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Allam, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Splettstoesser, M., Sheldon, E., Jarvis, M., Amon, A., Harrison, I., Choi, A., Hartley, W. G., Alarcon, A., Sánchez, C., Gruen, D., Eckert, K., Prat, J., Tabbutt, M., Busti, V., Becker, M. R., MacCrann, N., Diehl, H. T., Tucker, D. L., Bertin, E., Jeltema, T., Drlica-Wagner, A., Gruendl, R. A., Bechtol, K., Rosell, A. Carnero, Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Ferrero, I., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Muir, J., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). Wed .  
"Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac26c1.

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@article{osti_1840075,

  title        = {Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog},

  author       = {Everett, S. and Yanny, B. and Kuropatkin, N. and Huff, E. M. and Zhang, Y. and Myles, J. and Masegian, A. and Elvin-Poole, J. and Allam, S. and Bernstein, G. M. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Splettstoesser, M. and Sheldon, E. and Jarvis, M. and Amon, A. and Harrison, I. and Choi, A. and Hartley, W. G. and Alarcon, A. and Sánchez, C. and Gruen, D. and Eckert, K. and Prat, J. and Tabbutt, M. and Busti, V. and Becker, M. R. and MacCrann, N. and Diehl, H. T. and Tucker, D. L. and Bertin, E. and Jeltema, T. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Gruendl, R. A. and Bechtol, K. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Abbott, T. M. C. and Aguena, M. and Annis, J. and Bacon, D. and Bhargava, S. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Conselice, C. and Costanzi, M. and da Costa, L. N. and Pereira, M. E. S. and De Vicente, J. and DeRose, J. and Desai, S. and Eifler, T. F. and Evrard, A. E. and Ferrero, I. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gutierrez, G. and Hinton, S. R. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and Huterer, D. and James, D. J. and Kent, S. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Lahav, O. and Lima, M. and Lin, H. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Mohr, J. J. and Morgan, R. and Muir, J. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Palmese, A. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Rodriguez-Monroy, M. and Romer, A. K. and Roodman, A. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Serrano, S. and Smith, M. and Soares-Santos, M. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and To, C. and Troxel, M. A. and Varga, T. N. and Weller, J. and Wilkinson, R. D. and DES Collaboration)},

  abstractNote = {We describe an updated calibration and diagnostic framework, Balrog, used to directly sample the selection and photometric biases of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 (Y3) data set. We systematically inject onto the single-epoch images of a random 20% subset of the DES footprint an ensemble of nearly 30 million realistic galaxy models derived from DES Deep Field observations. These augmented images are analyzed in parallel with the original data to automatically inherit measurement systematics that are often too difficult to capture with generative models. The resulting object catalog is a Monte Carlo sampling of the DES transfer function and is used as a powerful diagnostic and calibration tool for a variety of DES Y3 science, particularly for the calibration of the photometric redshifts of distant "source" galaxies and magnification biases of nearer "lens" galaxies. The recovered Balrog injections are shown to closely match the photometric property distributions of the Y3 GOLD catalog, particularly in color, and capture the number density fluctuations from observing conditions of the real data within 1% for a typical galaxy sample. We find that Y3 colors are extremely well calibrated, typically within ~1–8 mmag, but for a small subset of objects, we detect significant magnitude biases correlated with large overestimates of the injected object size due to proximity effects and blending. We discuss approaches to extend the current methodology to capture more aspects of the transfer function and reach full coverage of the survey footprint for future analyses.},

  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4365/ac26c1},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 258,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022},

  month        = {Wed Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2022}

}

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Title: Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog

Abstract

Citation Formats

Dark Energy Survey Y3 results: blending shear and redshift biases in image simulations journal, October 2021

Deblending galaxy superpositions with branched generative adversarial networks journal, February 2019

UltraVISTA: a new ultra-deep near-infrared survey in COSMOS journal, August 2012

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GalSim: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit journal, April 2015

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Practical Weak-lensing Shear Measurement with Metacalibration journal, May 2017

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Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology journal, May 2021

Dark Energy Survey year 3 results: point spread function modelling journal, November 2020

Characterization and photometric performance of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Software Pipeline journal, December 2017

The dark Energy Camera journal, October 2015

Removing imaging systematics from galaxy clustering measurements with Obiwan: application to the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey emission-line galaxy sample journal, September 2020

corner.py: Scatterplot matrices in Python journal, June 2016

Calibration of weak-lensing shear in the Kilo-Degree Survey journal, January 2017

The DES Science Verification weak lensing shear catalogues journal, May 2016

CCD photometry of the sparse halo cluster E3 journal, August 1985

LIGO: the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory journal, June 2009

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology journal, April 2018

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: analysis of potential systematics: Systematic analysis of BOSS 3D clustering journal, June 2012

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: weak lensing shape catalogues journal, August 2018

Organised randoms: Learning and correcting for systematic galaxy clustering patterns in KiDS using self-organising maps journal, April 2021

The Ellipticity Distribution of Ambiguously Blended Objects journal, December 2015

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure journal, January 2017

Formation of galaxies and large-scale structure with cold dark matter journal, October 1984

The Kilo-Degree Survey journal, August 2012

CCD photometry of the globular cluster Palomar 5 journal, April 1986

Systematic errors in future weak-lensing surveys: requirements and prospects for self-calibration journal, February 2006

Mitigating contamination in LSS surveys: a comparison of methods journal, March 2021

The Dark Energy Survey Image Processing Pipeline journal, May 2018

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DAOPHOT - A computer program for crowded-field stellar photometry journal, March 1987

seaborn: statistical data visualization journal, April 2021

Shear measurement bias: I. Dependencies on methods, simulation parameters, and measured parameters journal, September 2020

A Second Stellar Color Locus: a Bridge from White Dwarfs to M stars journal, October 2004

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy journal, September 2013

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and survey design journal, September 2017

THE COSMOS2015 CATALOG: EXPLORING THE 1 < z < 6 UNIVERSE WITH HALF A MILLION GALAXIES journal, June 2016

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The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the selection function and z= 0.6 galaxy power spectrum: WiggleZ survey: selection function journal, May 2010

GaaP: PSF- and aperture-matched photometry using shapelets journal, March 2008

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scarlet: Source separation in multi-band images by Constrained Matrix Factorization journal, July 2018

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The Redmapper Galaxy Cluster Catalog from des Science Verification data journal, May 2016

Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Optimizing the lens sample in a combined galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis journal, February 2021

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Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment journal, January 2007

Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Galaxy clustering for combined probes journal, August 2018

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journal, October 2021

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journal, February 2019

UltraVISTA: a new ultra-deep near-infrared survey in COSMOS
journal, August 2012

SExtractor: Software for source extraction
journal, June 1996

GalSim: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit
journal, April 2015

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journal, January 2016

The brighter-fatter effect and pixel correlations in CCD sensors
journal, March 2014

Binary Companions of Evolved Stars in APOGEE DR14: Search Method and Catalog of ∼5000 Companions
journal, June 2018

Weak Gravitational Lensing by Galaxies
journal, August 1996

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

An accurate halo model for fitting non-linear cosmological power spectra and baryonic feedback models
journal, October 2015

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journal, August 2018

Gaia Data Release 2 : Summary of the contents and survey properties
journal, August 2018

Efficient Computation of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies in Closed Friedmann‐Robertson‐Walker Models
journal, August 2000

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journal, May 2017

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journal, March 2017

CFHTLenS and RCSLenS: testing photometric redshift distributions using angular cross-correlations with spectroscopic galaxy surveys
journal, September 2016

HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
journal, April 2005

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journal, May 2021

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journal, November 2020

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journal, December 2017

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journal, October 2015

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journal, September 2020

corner.py: Scatterplot matrices in Python
journal, June 2016

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journal, January 2017

The DES Science Verification weak lensing shear catalogues
journal, May 2016

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journal, August 1985

LIGO: the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
journal, June 2009

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journal, April 2018

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: analysis of potential systematics: Systematic analysis of BOSS 3D clustering
journal, June 2012

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journal, August 2018

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journal, April 2021

The Ellipticity Distribution of Ambiguously Blended Objects
journal, December 2015

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure
journal, January 2017

Formation of galaxies and large-scale structure with cold dark matter
journal, October 1984

The Kilo-Degree Survey
journal, August 2012

CCD photometry of the globular cluster Palomar 5
journal, April 1986

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journal, February 2006

Mitigating contamination in LSS surveys: a comparison of methods
journal, March 2021

The Dark Energy Survey Image Processing Pipeline
journal, May 2018

Bayesian lensing shear measurement
journal, January 2014

DAOPHOT - A computer program for crowded-field stellar photometry
journal, March 1987

seaborn: statistical data visualization
journal, April 2021

Shear measurement bias: I. Dependencies on methods, simulation parameters, and measured parameters
journal, September 2020

A Second Stellar Color Locus: a Bridge from White Dwarfs to M stars
journal, October 2004

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy
journal, September 2013

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and survey design
journal, September 2017

THE COSMOS2015 CATALOG: EXPLORING THE 1 < z < 6 UNIVERSE WITH HALF A MILLION GALAXIES
journal, June 2016

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journal, December 2018

Modeling the Transfer Function for the dark Energy Survey
journal, March 2015

The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the selection function and z= 0.6 galaxy power spectrum: WiggleZ survey: selection function
journal, May 2010

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journal, March 2008

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journal, December 2015

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journal, July 2018

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conference, December 2020

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journal, May 2016

Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Optimizing the lens sample in a combined galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis
journal, February 2021

The Eighth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First data from Sdss-Iii
journal, March 2011

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journal, January 2021

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journal, December 2006

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journal, September 2018

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journal, June 1980

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journal, September 2007

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journal, April 2019

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journal, March 2019

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journal, December 2012

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journal, August 2019

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journal, October 2021

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journal, January 2021

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journal, October 2016

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journal, June 2020

Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007

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journal, August 2018

An implementation of Bayesian lensing shear measurement
journal, July 2014

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journal, January 2019

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journal, July 2020

Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: redshift calibration of the weak lensing source galaxies
journal, May 2021

Simulating the LSST system
conference, July 2010

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment
journal, March 2013

redMaGiC: selecting luminous red galaxies from the DES Science Verification data
journal, May 2016