Upgraded fiber-optic sensor system for dynamic strain measurement in Spallation Neutron Source

Liu, Yun; Winder, Drew E.; Qi, Bing; Long, Cary; Lu, Wei

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2021.3120212

Title: Upgraded fiber-optic sensor system for dynamic strain measurement in Spallation Neutron Source

Journal Article · 23 October 2021 · IEEE Sensors Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3120212 · OSTI ID:1836445

^[1];

^[1]; Lu, Wei ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

We describe an upgraded fiber-optic sensor system and its performance in measuring the dynamic strains in a mercury target of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Strains result from dynamic pressure waves in the stainless-steel mercury target induced by short (~700 ns), intense (up to 23.3 kJ), high-energy (~1 GeV) proton pulses. In the upgraded sensor system, the output of each sensor head is interrogated with a compact, all-fiber based Faraday Michelson interferometer, which generates interference signals with a steady phase shift. Strain waveforms are recovered from the phase-shifted interference signals using a high-speed digital signal processing procedure developed in our previous work. We demonstrate successful measurements of dynamic strain pulses, e.g., 400με over 190μs , on a recently installed SNS target using the upgraded sensor system. The measured strain waveforms are analyzed for more than 20 sensor locations and/or orientations, and provide information regarding the temporal structure of strain profiles and dependence of the strain magnitude on the proton powers of 200 – 1400 kW. The new interrogator also measures the radiation-induced-attenuation (RIA) in the optical fiber, enabling experimental investigations of RIA profiles induced by a 700-ns radiation pulse. The radiation effects on the strain measurement performance are discussed over a radiation dose range of up to 4×10⁸ Gy and an RIA compensation method is proposed. The measurements allow insight into the response of this unique piece of equipment and can be used for validation of simulations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1836445

Journal Information:: IEEE Sensors Journal, Journal Name: IEEE Sensors Journal Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 21; ISSN 1530-437X

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (24)

Combined Temperature and Radiation Effects on Radiation-Sensitive Single-Mode Optical Fibers Campanella, C.; Morana, A.; Girard, S. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 67, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2020.2982280	journal	July 2020
Radiation Effects on Silica-Based Optical Fibers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges Girard, S.; Kuhnhenn, J.; Gusarov, A. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2012.2235464	journal	June 2013
Digital phase demodulation for low-coherence interferometry-based fiber-optic sensors Liu, Y.; Strum, R.; Stiles, D. Optics Communications, Vol. 411 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.11.002	journal	March 2018
Optical Absorption in Commercial Single Mode Optical Fibers in a High Energy Physics Radiation Field Wijnands, Thijs; De Jonge, Luit Koert; Kuhnhenn, Jochen IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2008.2001859	journal	August 2008
Quadrature phase-shifted optical demodulator for low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors Qi, Bing; Winder, Drew E.; Liu, Yun Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.007319	journal	January 2019
High Level Gamma and Neutron Irradiation of Silica Optical Fibers in CEA OSIRIS Nuclear Reactor Cheymol, Guy; Long, HervÉ; Villard, Jean FranÇois IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2008.924056	journal	August 2008
Initial implementation of helium Gas into the SNS mercury target for mitigation of fatigue and cavitation damage Rosenblad, P.; Wendel, M.; Jacobs, L. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1021 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1021/1/012073	journal	May 2018
Optical fibre based absolute extrinsic Fabry - Pérot interferometric sensing system Bhatia, Vikram; Murphy, Kent A.; Claus, Richard O. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/7/1/008	journal	January 1996
Incorporating bubble growth volume feedback to improve simulation of the response of a structure containing liquid and gas to sudden energy input Winder, Drew; Lin, Lianshan; Mach, Justin Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 1005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165371	journal	July 2021
Benchmarking dynamic strain predictions of pulsed mercury spallation target vessels Riemer, B. W. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 343, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.026	journal	August 2005
Recent progress in fibre optic low-coherence interferometry Rao, Yun-Jiang; Jackson, David A. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/7/7/001	journal	July 1996
Metal-embedded fiber optic sensor packaging and signal demodulation scheme towards high-frequency dynamic measurements in harsh environments Sweeney, Daniel C.; Schrell, Adrian M.; Liu, Yun Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 312 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112075	journal	September 2020
Radiation-induced defects in glasses: Origin of power-law dependence of concentration on dose Griscom, D. L.; Gingerich, M. E.; Friebele, E. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1019	journal	August 1993
Spallation neutron source target station design, development, and commissioning Haines, J. R.; McManamy, T. J.; Gabriel, T. A. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 764 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.03.068	journal	November 2014
Fabry-Pérot Fiber-Optic Sensors for Physical Parameters Measurement in Challenging Conditions Pinet, Éric Journal of Sensors, Vol. 2009 https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/720980	journal	January 2009
Faraday Michelson Interferometers for Signal Demodulation of Fiber-Optic Sensors Liu, Yun; Qi, Bing; Winder, Drew E. Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 39, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2021.3053370	journal	April 2021
Radiation Induced Absorption in Rare Earth Doped Optical Fibers Lezius, M.; Predehl, K.; Stower, W. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2011.2178862	journal	April 2012
Radiation Tolerant Optical Fibers: From Sample Testing to Large Series Production Wijnands, Thijs; Aikawa, Kazuhiko; Kuhnhenn, Jochen Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2168512	journal	November 2011
Cavitation-induced erosion in liquid metal spallation targets – A comparison between a predictive method and measured erosion damage to stainless steel target modules at the Spallation Neutron Source Winder, Drew; McClintock, David; Bruce, Douglas Wear, Vol. 450-451 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203257	journal	June 2020
Strain Measurement in the Spallation Target Using High-Radiation-Tolerant Fiber Sensors Liu, Yun; Blokland, Willem; Long, Cary D. IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2816261	journal	May 2018
Tunable EOS Material Model in the Simulation of Pulsed Mercury Spallation Target Vessel Lin, Lianshan; Winder, Drew Volume 4: Fluid-Structure Interaction https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2019-93292	conference	July 2019
Status of R&D on mitigating the effects of pressure waves for the Spallation Neutron Source mercury target Riemer, Bernard W.; Wendel, Mark W.; Felde, David K. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 431, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.11.018	journal	December 2012
Radiation resistance of fluorine-doped silica-core fibers Sanada, Kazuo; Shamoto, Naoki; Inada, Kouichi Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 179 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(94)90714-5	journal	November 1994
Fluid-Structure Interaction in Liquid-Filled pipe Systems: a Review Tijsseling, A. S. Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1996.0009	journal	February 1996