Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland
Abstract
Abstract Bioenergy sorghum has high biomass yield potential, drought resilience, good nitrogen use efficiency, and a root system that contributes to the accumulation of soil organic carbon. In this study, field grown bioenergy sorghum root systems were analyzed during the growing season to characterize their depth, biomass, morphology, anatomy, and gene expression profiles. Bioenergy sorghum roots grew continuously during a 155‐day growing season producing ~175 nodal roots, accumulating ~7 Mg of dry biomass per hectare, and reaching >2 m deep in the soil profile. Nodal roots within 20 cm of the stem were 1–5 mm in diameter, whereas roots deeper in soil profiles were enriched in lateral roots with small diameters (~30–500 µm) enabling growth through soil macropores. In older field‐grown plants, roots with intact endodermal, vascular and inner root tissues were surrounded by degraded or aerenchyma‐filled epidermal and cortical cell layers. Transcriptome analysis of nodal, surface, and deep roots identified >2,500 differentially expressed genes involved in root growth, transport, adaptation, defense, and AMF–root interaction. Deep roots (180–240 cm) differentially expressed genes that regulate lateral root growth. Surface roots (0–20 cm) located mid‐row differentially expressed genes involved in nitrate transport, whereas ammonium transport genes were expressed in surface and deep roots and genes involved in phosphate transportmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Department of Biochemistry &, Biophysics Texas A&,M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Soil &, Crop Sciences Texas A&,M University College Station Texas USA
- Soil Health Institute Morrisville North Carolina USA
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Champaign‐Urbana Illinois USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas A & M AgriLife Research; Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1835647
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1839171; OSTI ID: 1980621
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AR0000823; SC0018409
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Global Change Biology. Bioenergy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Journal Volume: 14 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1757-1693
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; bioenergy; nutrients; roots; sorghum; transcriptome
Citation Formats
Lamb, Austin, Weers, Brock, McKinley, Brian, Rooney, William, Morgan, Cristine, Marshall‐Colon, Amy, and Mullet, John. Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland. United Kingdom: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12907.
Lamb, Austin, Weers, Brock, McKinley, Brian, Rooney, William, Morgan, Cristine, Marshall‐Colon, Amy, & Mullet, John. Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12907
Lamb, Austin, Weers, Brock, McKinley, Brian, Rooney, William, Morgan, Cristine, Marshall‐Colon, Amy, and Mullet, John. Tue .
"Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12907.
@article{osti_1835647,
title = {Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland},
author = {Lamb, Austin and Weers, Brock and McKinley, Brian and Rooney, William and Morgan, Cristine and Marshall‐Colon, Amy and Mullet, John},
abstractNote = {Abstract Bioenergy sorghum has high biomass yield potential, drought resilience, good nitrogen use efficiency, and a root system that contributes to the accumulation of soil organic carbon. In this study, field grown bioenergy sorghum root systems were analyzed during the growing season to characterize their depth, biomass, morphology, anatomy, and gene expression profiles. Bioenergy sorghum roots grew continuously during a 155‐day growing season producing ~175 nodal roots, accumulating ~7 Mg of dry biomass per hectare, and reaching >2 m deep in the soil profile. Nodal roots within 20 cm of the stem were 1–5 mm in diameter, whereas roots deeper in soil profiles were enriched in lateral roots with small diameters (~30–500 µm) enabling growth through soil macropores. In older field‐grown plants, roots with intact endodermal, vascular and inner root tissues were surrounded by degraded or aerenchyma‐filled epidermal and cortical cell layers. Transcriptome analysis of nodal, surface, and deep roots identified >2,500 differentially expressed genes involved in root growth, transport, adaptation, defense, and AMF–root interaction. Deep roots (180–240 cm) differentially expressed genes that regulate lateral root growth. Surface roots (0–20 cm) located mid‐row differentially expressed genes involved in nitrate transport, whereas ammonium transport genes were expressed in surface and deep roots and genes involved in phosphate transport were expressed in nodal, surface, and deep roots. Overall, bioenergy sorghum's long growing season enables root systems to grow deeper and accumulate more biomass than annual grain crops such as maize, attributes that could help restore annual cropland soil organic carbon levels and improve soil productivity. Deep roots active in nutrient transport are positioned to take‐up fertilizer leached deep into soil profiles mitigating potential nutrient run‐off. Bioenergy sorghum's large and deep root system is a key to sustainable production of biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts on annual cropland.},
doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12907},
journal = {Global Change Biology. Bioenergy},
number = 2,
volume = 14,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Tue Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Tue Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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Drivers of within-field spatial and temporal variability of crop yield across the US Midwest
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Genome-wide midrange transcription profiles reveal expression level relationships in human tissue specification
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Simulated Biomass Sorghum GHG Reduction Potential is Similar to Maize
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HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements
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Rooting Front and Water Depletion Depths in Grain Sorghum and Sunflower
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Evolution of the plant–microbe symbiotic ‘toolkit’
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