Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Bern, Zvi; Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios; Zhiboedov, Alexander

doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51

Title: Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Abstract

We analyze constraints from perturbative unitarity and crossing on the leading contributions of higher-dimension operators to the four-graviton amplitude in four spacetime dimensions, including constraints that follow from distinct helicity configurations. We focus on the leading-order effect due to exchange by massive degrees of freedom which makes the amplitudes of interest infrared finite. In particular, we place a bound on the coefficient of the R³ operator that corrects the graviton three-point amplitude in terms of the R⁴ coefficient. To test the constraints we obtain nontrivial effective field-theory data by computing and taking the large-mass expansion of the one-loop minimally-coupled four-graviton amplitude with massive particles up to spin 2 circulating in the loop. Remarkably, we observe that the leading EFT coefficients obtained from both string and one-loop field-theory amplitudes lie in small islands. The shape and location of the islands can be derived from the dispersive representation for the Wilson coefficients using crossing and assuming that the lowest-spin spectral densities are the largest. Our analysis suggests that the Wilson coefficients of weakly-coupled gravitational physical theories are much more constrained than indicated by bounds arising from dispersive considerations of 2 → 2 scattering. The one-loop four-graviton amplitudes used to obtain the EFTmore »« less

Authors:

Bern, Zvi; Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios;

Publication Date:: Thu Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC) High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1835491

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1836503; OSTI ID: 1905681

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009937

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical Journal Volume: 54 Journal Issue: 34; Journal ID: ISSN 1751-8113

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; EFT bounds; scattering amplitudes; gravity

Citation Formats


                    Bern, Zvi, Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios, and Zhiboedov, Alexander. Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51.

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                    Bern, Zvi, Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios, & Zhiboedov, Alexander. Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51

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                    Bern, Zvi, Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios, and Zhiboedov, Alexander. Thu .  
"Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51.

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@article{osti_1835491,

  title        = {Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude},

  author       = {Bern, Zvi and Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios and Zhiboedov, Alexander},

  abstractNote = {We analyze constraints from perturbative unitarity and crossing on the leading contributions of higher-dimension operators to the four-graviton amplitude in four spacetime dimensions, including constraints that follow from distinct helicity configurations. We focus on the leading-order effect due to exchange by massive degrees of freedom which makes the amplitudes of interest infrared finite. In particular, we place a bound on the coefficient of the R3 operator that corrects the graviton three-point amplitude in terms of the R4 coefficient. To test the constraints we obtain nontrivial effective field-theory data by computing and taking the large-mass expansion of the one-loop minimally-coupled four-graviton amplitude with massive particles up to spin 2 circulating in the loop. Remarkably, we observe that the leading EFT coefficients obtained from both string and one-loop field-theory amplitudes lie in small islands. The shape and location of the islands can be derived from the dispersive representation for the Wilson coefficients using crossing and assuming that the lowest-spin spectral densities are the largest. Our analysis suggests that the Wilson coefficients of weakly-coupled gravitational physical theories are much more constrained than indicated by bounds arising from dispersive considerations of 2 → 2 scattering. The one-loop four-graviton amplitudes used to obtain the EFT data are computed using modern amplitude methods, including generalized unitarity, supersymmetric decompositions and the double copy.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51},

  journal      = {Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical},

  number       = 34,

  volume       = 54,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Thu Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Thu Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Abstract

Citation Formats

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journal, March 2007

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journal, April 2019

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journal, May 2018

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journal, March 1984

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journal, April 1993

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journal, May 1986

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journal, October 1961

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