Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Bern, Zvi; Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios; Zhiboedov, Alexander

doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51

Title: Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Journal Article · 04 August 2021 · Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac0e51 · OSTI ID:1835491

Bern, Zvi; Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios;

Abstract We analyze constraints from perturbative unitarity and crossing on the leading contributions of higher-dimension operators to the four-graviton amplitude in four spacetime dimensions, including constraints that follow from distinct helicity configurations. We focus on the leading-order effect due to exchange by massive degrees of freedom which makes the amplitudes of interest infrared finite. In particular, we place a bound on the coefficient of the R ³ operator that corrects the graviton three-point amplitude in terms of the R ⁴ coefficient. To test the constraints we obtain nontrivial effective field-theory data by computing and taking the large-mass expansion of the one-loop minimally-coupled four-graviton amplitude with massive particles up to spin 2 circulating in the loop. Remarkably, we observe that the leading EFT coefficients obtained from both string and one-loop field-theory amplitudes lie in small islands. The shape and location of the islands can be derived from the dispersive representation for the Wilson coefficients using crossing and assuming that the lowest-spin spectral densities are the largest. Our analysis suggests that the Wilson coefficients of weakly-coupled gravitational physical theories are much more constrained than indicated by bounds arising from dispersive considerations of 2 → 2 scattering. The one-loop four-graviton amplitudes used to obtain the EFT data are computed using modern amplitude methods, including generalized unitarity, supersymmetric decompositions and the double copy.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC) High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009937

OSTI ID:: 1835491

Journal Information:: Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical, Journal Name: Journal of Physics. A, Mathematical and Theoretical Journal Issue: 34 Vol. 54; ISSN 1751-8113

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Positivity of Curvature-Squared Corrections in Gravity Cheung, Clifford; Remmen, Grant N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.051601	journal	February 2017
Two-Loop Four-Graviton Scattering Amplitudes Abreu, S.; Febres Cordero, F.; Ita, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.211601	journal	May 2020
One-loop corrections to five-gluon amplitudes Bern, Zvi; Dixon, Lance; Kosower, David A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.70.2677	journal	May 1993
Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.3370	journal	October 1999
An Alternative to Compactification Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.4690	journal	December 1999
Falsifying Models of New Physics via W W Scattering Distler, Jacques; Grinstein, Benjamin; Porto, Rafael A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.041601	journal	January 2007
High-Precision Calculation of Multiloop Feynman Integrals by Difference Equations Laporta, S. International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 15, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00002159	journal	December 2000
Progress in One-Loop qcd Computations Bern, Zvi; Dixon, Lance; Kosower, David A. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.109	journal	December 1996

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