Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary
Abstract
The halite-encrusted salt pans (salars) present at low elevations in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile are unique features of one of the driest and possibly oldest deserts on Earth. Here we show that these landscapes were shallow freshwater lakes and wetlands during the last glacial period and formed periodically between ~46.9 ka and 7.7 ka. The moisture appears to have been sourced from increased Andean runoff and most of our chronologies for these deposits were coeval with the Central Andean Pluvial Event (17.5–14.2 ka and 13.8–9.7 ka), but we also find evidence for older as well as slightly younger wet phases. We find that these environments supported a diverse hygrophytic-halophytic vegetation, as well as an array of diatoms and gastropods. Using a regional hydrological model, we estimate that recharge rates from 1.5 to 4 times present were required to activate and maintain these wetlands in the past. Activation in the late Pleistocene was part of a regional enhancement of water resources, extending from the Andes, downstream and through riparian corridors, to the lowest and most arid portions of the desert itself. This fundamentally unique environment was encountered by the earliest human explorers in the region,more »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[5];
[7];
[11];
[12]
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. de Chile, La Pintana (Chile)
- Pontificia Univ. Católica de Chile, Santiago (Chile); Pontificia Univ. Católica de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Centro UC del Desierto de Atacama; Inst. of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago (Chile)
- Univ. de Tarapacá, Arica (Chile). Inst. de Alta Investigación
- Univ. de Concepción (Chile). Lab. for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry; Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago (Chile)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
- Inst. of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago (Chile)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Centro UC del Desierto de Atacama; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (Chile)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
- Denison College, Granville, OH (United States)
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago (Chile); Univ. de Magallanes, Punta Arenas (Chile)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); CONICYT
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1830486
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-827247
Journal ID: ISSN 0277-3791; 1041229
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 1511009; 1160744; 11150210; 170008
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Quaternary Science Reviews
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 197; Journal ID: ISSN 0277-3791
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Atacama desert; Hyperaridity; Wetlands; Late quaternary; Paleogeography; South America; Sedimentology
Citation Formats
Pfeiffer, Marco, Latorre, Claudio, Santoro, Calogero M., Gayo, Eugenia M., Rojas, Rodrigo, Carrevedo, María Laura, McRostie, Virginia B., Finstad, Kari M., Heimsath, Arjun, Jungers, Matthew C., De Pol-Holz, Ricardo, and Amundson, Ronald. Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.001.
Pfeiffer, Marco, Latorre, Claudio, Santoro, Calogero M., Gayo, Eugenia M., Rojas, Rodrigo, Carrevedo, María Laura, McRostie, Virginia B., Finstad, Kari M., Heimsath, Arjun, Jungers, Matthew C., De Pol-Holz, Ricardo, & Amundson, Ronald. Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.001
Pfeiffer, Marco, Latorre, Claudio, Santoro, Calogero M., Gayo, Eugenia M., Rojas, Rodrigo, Carrevedo, María Laura, McRostie, Virginia B., Finstad, Kari M., Heimsath, Arjun, Jungers, Matthew C., De Pol-Holz, Ricardo, and Amundson, Ronald. Fri .
"Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.001. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1830486.
@article{osti_1830486,
title = {Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary},
author = {Pfeiffer, Marco and Latorre, Claudio and Santoro, Calogero M. and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Rojas, Rodrigo and Carrevedo, María Laura and McRostie, Virginia B. and Finstad, Kari M. and Heimsath, Arjun and Jungers, Matthew C. and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Amundson, Ronald},
abstractNote = {The halite-encrusted salt pans (salars) present at low elevations in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile are unique features of one of the driest and possibly oldest deserts on Earth. Here we show that these landscapes were shallow freshwater lakes and wetlands during the last glacial period and formed periodically between ~46.9 ka and 7.7 ka. The moisture appears to have been sourced from increased Andean runoff and most of our chronologies for these deposits were coeval with the Central Andean Pluvial Event (17.5–14.2 ka and 13.8–9.7 ka), but we also find evidence for older as well as slightly younger wet phases. We find that these environments supported a diverse hygrophytic-halophytic vegetation, as well as an array of diatoms and gastropods. Using a regional hydrological model, we estimate that recharge rates from 1.5 to 4 times present were required to activate and maintain these wetlands in the past. Activation in the late Pleistocene was part of a regional enhancement of water resources, extending from the Andes, downstream and through riparian corridors, to the lowest and most arid portions of the desert itself. This fundamentally unique environment was encountered by the earliest human explorers in the region, and most likely facilitated migration and encampments on a landscape that at present lacks macroscopic life on its surface.},
doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.001},
journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
number = ,
volume = 197,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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A 106ka paleoclimate record from drill core of the Salar de Atacama, northern Chile
journal, September 2001
- Bobst, Andrew L.; Lowenstein, Tim K.; Jordan, Teresa E.
- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 173, Issue 1-2
Diatom-inferred palaeoenvironmental changes of a Pliocene lake disturbed by volcanic activity
journal, December 2009
- Vilaclara, G.; Martinez-Mekler, G.; Cuna, E.
- Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions
journal, October 2004
- Michalski, Greg; Böhlke, J. K.; Thiemens, Mark
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, Issue 20
Late Quaternary precessional cycles of terrigenous sediment input off the Norte Chico, Chile (27.5°S) and palaeoclimatic implications
journal, September 1998
- Lamy, Frank; Hebbeln, Dierk; Wefer, Gerold
- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 141, Issue 3-4
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S
journal, October 2013
- Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.
- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 387
Sedimentology and evaporite genesis in a Holocene continental-sabkha playa basin-Bristol Dry Lake, California
journal, April 1982
- Handford, C. Robertson
- Sedimentology, Vol. 29, Issue 2
Late Quaternary environmental dynamics in the Atacama Desert reconstructed from rodent midden pollen records: LATE QUATERNARY CLIMATE OF THE ATACAMA DESERT
journal, August 2017
- de Porras, M. E.; Maldonado, A.; De Pol-Holz, R.
- Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 32, Issue 6
Diatom shifts as evidence for recent Subarctic warming in a remote tundra lake, NWT, Canada
journal, October 2005
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Works referencing / citing this record:
“Climatic fluctuations in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the past 215 ka”
journal, March 2019
- Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Medialdea, Alicia
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Circulation of Objects and Raw Material in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile by the End of the Pleistocene
journal, October 2019
- Herrera, Katherine A.; Pelegrin, Jacques; Gayo, Eugenia
- PaleoAmerica, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Rare calcium chloride–rich soil and implications for the existence of liquid water in a hyperarid environment
journal, January 2019
- Pfeiffer, Marco; Latorre, Claudio; Gayo, Eugenia
- Geology, Vol. 47, Issue 2
Beyond Site Detection: The Role of Satellite Remote Sensing in Analysing Archaeological Problems. A Case Study in Lithic Resource Procurement in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile
journal, April 2019
- Borie, César; Parcero-Oubiña, César; Kwon, Youngsang
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 7
“Climatic fluctuations in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the past 215 ka”
journal, March 2019
- Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Medialdea, Alicia
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1