Constraining the Milky Way’s ultraviolet-to-infrared SED with Gaussian process regression
Abstract
ABSTRACT Improving our knowledge of global Milky Way (MW) properties is critical for connecting the detailed measurements only possible from within our Galaxy to our understanding of the broader galaxy population. We here train Gaussian process regression (GPR) models on SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) galaxies to map from galaxy properties (stellar mass, apparent axial ratio, star formation rate, bulge-to-total ratio, disc scale length, and bar vote fraction) to ultraviolet (UV; GALEX FUV/NUV), optical (SDSS ugriz), and infrared (IR; 2MASS JHKs and WISE W1/W2/W3/W4) fluxes and uncertainties. With these models, we estimate the photometric properties of the MW, resulting in a full UV-to-IR spectral energy distribution (SED) as it would be measured externally, viewed face-on. We confirm that the MW lies in the green valley in optical diagnostic diagrams, but show for the first time that the MW is in the star-forming region in standard UV and IR diagnostics – characteristic of the population of red spiral galaxies. Although our GPR method predicts one band at a time, the resulting MW UV–IR SED is consistent with SEDs of local spirals with characteristics broadly similar to the MW, suggesting that these independent predictions can be combined reliably. Our UV–IR SED willmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1827472
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1982536
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH1123; AC02-05CH11231; 80NSSC19K0588; NAS5-98034; XDB09000000; 114A11KYSB20160057; 11433005; AST-0950945
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 508 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Fundamental parameters; Structure
Citation Formats
Fielder, Catherine E., Newman, Jeffrey A., Andrews, Brett H., Zasowski, Gail, Boardman, Nicholas F., Licquia, Tim, Masters, Karen L., and Salim, Samir. Constraining the Milky Way’s ultraviolet-to-infrared SED with Gaussian process regression. United Kingdom: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2618.
Fielder, Catherine E., Newman, Jeffrey A., Andrews, Brett H., Zasowski, Gail, Boardman, Nicholas F., Licquia, Tim, Masters, Karen L., & Salim, Samir. Constraining the Milky Way’s ultraviolet-to-infrared SED with Gaussian process regression. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2618
Fielder, Catherine E., Newman, Jeffrey A., Andrews, Brett H., Zasowski, Gail, Boardman, Nicholas F., Licquia, Tim, Masters, Karen L., and Salim, Samir. Wed .
"Constraining the Milky Way’s ultraviolet-to-infrared SED with Gaussian process regression". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2618.
@article{osti_1827472,
title = {Constraining the Milky Way’s ultraviolet-to-infrared SED with Gaussian process regression},
author = {Fielder, Catherine E. and Newman, Jeffrey A. and Andrews, Brett H. and Zasowski, Gail and Boardman, Nicholas F. and Licquia, Tim and Masters, Karen L. and Salim, Samir},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT Improving our knowledge of global Milky Way (MW) properties is critical for connecting the detailed measurements only possible from within our Galaxy to our understanding of the broader galaxy population. We here train Gaussian process regression (GPR) models on SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) galaxies to map from galaxy properties (stellar mass, apparent axial ratio, star formation rate, bulge-to-total ratio, disc scale length, and bar vote fraction) to ultraviolet (UV; GALEX FUV/NUV), optical (SDSS ugriz), and infrared (IR; 2MASS JHKs and WISE W1/W2/W3/W4) fluxes and uncertainties. With these models, we estimate the photometric properties of the MW, resulting in a full UV-to-IR spectral energy distribution (SED) as it would be measured externally, viewed face-on. We confirm that the MW lies in the green valley in optical diagnostic diagrams, but show for the first time that the MW is in the star-forming region in standard UV and IR diagnostics – characteristic of the population of red spiral galaxies. Although our GPR method predicts one band at a time, the resulting MW UV–IR SED is consistent with SEDs of local spirals with characteristics broadly similar to the MW, suggesting that these independent predictions can be combined reliably. Our UV–IR SED will be invaluable for reconstructing the MW’s star formation history using the same tools employed for external galaxies, allowing comparisons of results from in situ measurements to those from the methods used for extragalactic objects.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stab2618},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 3,
volume = 508,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Wed Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2618
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2618
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
From the outside looking in: what can Milky Way analogues tell us about the star formation rate of our own galaxy?
journal, September 2019
- Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia; Merrifield, Michael; Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
The Mid-Life Crisis of the Milky way and m31
journal, July 2011
- Mutch, Simon J.; Croton, Darren J.; Poole, Gregory B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 736, Issue 2
Insights on bar quenching from a multiwavelength analysis: The case of Messier 95
journal, January 2019
- George, K.; Joseph, P.; Mondal, C.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 621
Calibration of Ultraviolet, Mid-infrared, and Radio Star Formation Rate Indicators
journal, October 2017
- Brown, Michael J. I.; Moustakas, John; Kennicutt, Robert C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 847, Issue 2
The green valley is a red herring: Galaxy Zoo reveals two evolutionary pathways towards quenching of star formation in early- and late-type galaxies★
journal, March 2014
- Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, C. Megan; Simmons, Brooke D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 440, Issue 1
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
journal, September 2016
- Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Gerhard, Ortwin
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 1
Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998
- Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 500, Issue 2
Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies: introducing the artificial neural network: Modelling SEDs with ANN
journal, November 2010
- Silva, L.; Schurer, A.; Granato, G. L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): deconstructing bimodality – I. Red ones and blue ones
journal, November 2014
- Taylor, Edward N.; Hopkins, Andrew M.; Baldry, Ivan K.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 2
Galaxy Zoo: dust in spiral galaxies★: Galaxy Zoo: dust in spiral galaxies
journal, May 2010
- Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert; Bamford, Steven
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 404, Issue 2
AEGIS: THE MORPHOLOGIES OF GREEN GALAXIES AT 0.4 < z < 1.2
journal, July 2011
- Mendez, Alexander J.; Coil, Alison L.; Lotz, Jennifer
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 736, Issue 2
A relation between the characteristic stellar ages of galaxies and their intrinsic shapes
journal, April 2018
- van de Sande, Jesse; Scott, Nicholas; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
- Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Estimates of Location Based on Rank Tests
journal, June 1963
- Hodges, J. L.; Lehmann, E. L.
- The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 34, Issue 2
A DIRECT DYNAMICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE MILKY WAY'S DISK SURFACE DENSITY PROFILE, DISK SCALE LENGTH, AND DARK MATTER PROFILE AT 4 kpc ≲ R ≲ 9 kpc
journal, December 2013
- Bovy, Jo; Rix, Hans-Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 779, Issue 2
The effect of disc inclination on the main sequence of star-forming galaxies
journal, July 2016
- Morselli, L.; Renzini, A.; Popesso, P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 3
1.65 Micron ([ITAL]H[/ITAL] Band) Surface Photometry of Galaxies. VI. The History of Star Formation in Normal Late-Type Galaxies
journal, February 2001
- Boselli, A.; Gavazzi, G.; Donas, J.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 121, Issue 2
Internal Extinction in Spiral Galaxies in the Near-Infrared
journal, July 2003
- Masters, Karen L.; Giovanelli, Riccardo; Haynes, Martha P.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 126, Issue 1
A Fast, Two-dimensional Gaussian Process Method Based on Celerite: Applications to Transiting Exoplanet Discovery and Characterization
journal, November 2020
- Gordon, Tyler A.; Agol, Eric; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 160, Issue 5
Bar quenching in gas-rich galaxies
journal, January 2018
- Khoperskov, S.; Haywood, M.; Di Matteo, P.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 609
The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: the B-band attenuation of bulge and disc light and the implied cosmic dust and stellar mass densities
journal, August 2007
- Driver, S. P.; Popescu, C. C.; Tuffs, R. J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 379, Issue 3
The UV‐Optical Galaxy Color‐Magnitude Diagram. I. Basic Properties
journal, December 2007
- Wyder, Ted K.; Martin, D. Christopher; Schiminovich, David
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 173, Issue 2
Forming Lenticular Galaxies via Violent Disk Instability
journal, July 2018
- Saha, Kanak; Cortesi, Arianna
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1
Internal Extinction in the Sloan Digital sky Survey Late-Type Galaxies
journal, March 2009
- Cho, Jungyeon; Park, Changbom
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 693, Issue 2
Galaxy Zoo: comparing the demographics of spiral arm number and a new method for correcting redshift bias
journal, July 2016
- Hart, Ross E.; Bamford, Steven P.; Willett, Kyle W.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 4
THE CARNEGIE-SPITZER-IMACS REDSHIFT SURVEY OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SINCE z = 1.5. I. DESCRIPTION AND METHODOLOGY
journal, February 2014
- Kelson, Daniel D.; Williams, Rik J.; Dressler, Alan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 783, Issue 2
Nearly 5000 Distant Early‐Type Galaxies in COMBO‐17: A Red Sequence and Its Evolution since z ∼ 1
journal, June 2004
- Bell, Eric F.; Wolf, Christian; Meisenheimer, Klaus
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 608, Issue 2
The GALAH survey: observational overview and Gaia DR1 companion
journal, November 2016
- Martell, S. L.; Sharma, S.; Buder, S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 3
Galaxy Zoo 1: data release of morphological classifications for nearly 900 000 galaxies★: Galaxy Zoo
journal, November 2010
- Lintott, Chris; Schawinski, Kevin; Bamford, Steven
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 410, Issue 1
The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
journal, October 1989
- Cardelli, Jason A.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Mathis, John S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 345
BULGES OF NEARBY GALAXIES WITH SPITZER : THE GROWTH OF PSEUDOBULGES IN DISK GALAXIES AND ITS CONNECTION TO OUTER DISKS
journal, May 2009
- Fisher, David B.; Drory, Niv; Fabricius, Maximilian H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 697, Issue 1
Dust reddening in star-forming galaxies: Dust reddening in star-forming galaxies
journal, January 2012
- Xiao, Ting; Wang, Tinggui; Wang, Huiyuan
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
OVERVIEW OF THE SDSS-IV MaNGA SURVEY: MAPPING NEARBY GALAXIES AT APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY
journal, December 2014
- Bundy, Kevin; Bershady, Matthew A.; Law, David R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 798, Issue 1
On the Mass Assembly History of the Local Group
journal, November 2019
- Carlesi, Edoardo; Hoffman, Yehuda; Gottlöber, Stefan
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
journal, September 2000
- York, Donald G.; Adelman, J.; Anderson, Jr., John E.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 120, Issue 3
Color Separation of Galaxy Types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data
journal, October 2001
- Strateva, Iskra; Ivezić, Željko; Knapp, Gillian R.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 122, Issue 4
Enhanced star formation – the importance of bars in spiral galaxies
journal, July 1986
- Hawarden, T. G.; Mountain, C. M.; Leggett, S. K.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 221, Issue 1
UV Star Formation Rates in the Local Universe
journal, December 2007
- Salim, Samir; Rich, R. Michael; Charlot, Stephane
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 173, Issue 2
K -Corrections and Filter Transformations in the Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-Infrared
journal, January 2007
- Blanton, Michael R.; Roweis, Sam
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 133, Issue 2
Milky Way analogues in MaNGA: multiparameter homogeneity and comparison to the Milky Way
journal, November 2019
- Boardman, N.; Zasowski, G.; Seth, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 3
Stellar Mass‐to‐Light Ratios and the Tully‐Fisher Relation
journal, March 2001
- Bell, Eric F.; de Jong, Roelof S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 550, Issue 1
Galaxy Luminosity Functions to z ∼1 from DEEP2 and COMBO‐17: Implications for Red Galaxy Formation
journal, August 2007
- Faber, S. M.; Willmer, C. N. A.; Wolf, C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 665, Issue 1
A Counter-Rotating Disk in the Normal SA Galaxy NGC 4138
journal, August 1996
- Jore, Katherine P.; Broeils, Adrick H.; Haynes, Martha P.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 112
The bar and spiral arms in the Milky Way: structure and kinematics
journal, October 2020
- Shen, Juntai; Zheng, Xing-Wu
- Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 20, Issue 10
The Eighth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First data from Sdss-Iii
journal, March 2011
- Aihara, Hiroaki; Allende Prieto, Carlos; An, Deokkeun
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 193, Issue 2
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Exploring the WISE Web in G12
journal, February 2017
- Jarrett, T. H.; Cluver, M. E.; Magoulas, C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 836, Issue 2
How unusual is the Milky Way’s assembly history?
journal, July 2020
- Evans, Tilly A.; Fattahi, Azadeh; Deason, Alis J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 4
Monitoring Stellar Orbits Around the Massive Black hole in the Galactic Center
journal, February 2009
- Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Trippe, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 2
Are passive red spirals truly passive?: The current star formation activity of optically red disc galaxies
journal, July 2012
- Cortese, L.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 543
Galaxy Zoo: evidence for diverse star formation histories through the green valley
journal, April 2015
- Smethurst, R. J.; Lintott, C. J.; Simmons, B. D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 1
Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution. ii. the Quenching of Satellite Galaxies as the Origin of Environmental Effects
journal, August 2012
- Peng, Ying-jie; Lilly, Simon J.; Renzini, Alvio
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 757, Issue 1
The Hubble type of the Milky Way Galaxy
journal, January 1983
- Hodge, P. W.
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 95
Inclination‐Dependent Extinction Effects in Disk Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, November 2008
- Unterborn, Cayman T.; Ryden, Barbara S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 687, Issue 2
Stellar masses and star formation histories for 10 5 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, May 2003
- Kauffmann, Guinevere; Heckman, Timothy M.; Simon White, D. M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 341, Issue 1
A CATALOG OF VISUALLY CLASSIFIED GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL ( z ∼ 0.01) UNIVERSE
journal, April 2015
- Ann, H. B.; Seo, Mira; Ha, D. K.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 217, Issue 2
A test of the association of infrared activity with bars
journal, June 1990
- Pompea, Stephen M.; Rieke, G. H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 356
Updated 34-band Photometry for the SINGS/KINGFISH Samples of Nearby Galaxies
journal, March 2017
- Dale, D. A.; Cook, D. O.; Roussel, H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 837, Issue 1
IPython: A System for Interactive Scientific Computing
journal, January 2007
- Perez, Fernando; Granger, Brian E.
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
journal, April 2019
- Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5
Forming Realistic Late-Type Spirals in a Λcdm Universe: the eris Simulation
journal, November 2011
- Guedes, Javiera; Callegari, Simone; Madau, Piero
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 742, Issue 2
CATCHING QUENCHING GALAXIES: THE NATURE OF THE WISE INFRARED TRANSITION ZONE
journal, September 2014
- Alatalo, Katherine; Cales, Sabrina L.; Appleton, Philip N.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 1
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007
- Hunter, John D.
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Analysis of galaxy spectral energy distributions from far-UV to far-IR with CIGALE: studying a SINGS test sample
journal, September 2009
- Noll, S.; Burgarella, D.; Giovannoli, E.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 507, Issue 3
Galaxy zoo: Observing Secular Evolution Through bars
journal, December 2013
- Cheung, Edmond; Athanassoula, E.; Masters, Karen L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 779, Issue 2
Dust Attenuation in Disk-Dominated Galaxies: Evidence for the 2175 Å dust Feature
journal, June 2010
- Conroy, Charlie; Schiminovich, David; Blanton, Michael R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 718, Issue 1
The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation
journal, March 2011
- van der Walt, Stéfan; Colbert, S. Chris; Varoquaux, Gaël
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2
GALEX –SDSS –WISE LEGACY CATALOG (GSWLC): STAR FORMATION RATES, STELLAR MASSES, AND DUST ATTENUATIONS OF 700,000 LOW-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
journal, November 2016
- Salim, Samir; Lee, Janice C.; Janowiecki, Steven
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 227, Issue 1
Galaxy Zoo: secular evolution of barred galaxies from structural decomposition of multiband images
journal, October 2017
- Kruk, Sandor J.; Lintott, Chris J.; Bamford, Steven P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 4
Are the Milky Way and Andromeda unusual? A comparison with Milky Way and Andromeda analogues
journal, September 2020
- Boardman, N.; Zasowski, G.; Newman, J. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 498, Issue 4
A new classification system for galaxies
journal, June 1976
- van den Bergh, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 206
Spatially Resolved Studies of Local Massive Red Spiral Galaxies
journal, September 2019
- Hao, Cai-Na; Shi, Yong; Chen, Yanmei
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2
The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles
journal, February 2016
- Sawala, Till; Frenk, Carlos S.; Fattahi, Azadeh
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 2
Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies: III. Attenuation of stellar light in spiral galaxies
journal, May 2004
- Tuffs, R. J.; Popescu, C. C.; Völk, H. J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 419, Issue 3
Sizing up the Milky way: a Bayesian Mixture Model Meta-Analysis of Photometric Scale Length Measurements
journal, October 2016
- Licquia, Timothy C.; Newman, Jeffrey A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 1
The DEEP Groth Strip Survey. II. Hubble Space Telescope Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Groth Strip
journal, September 2002
- Simard, Luc; Willmer, Christopher N. A.; Vogt, Nicole P.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 142, Issue 1
Gaia Data Release 2 : Summary of the contents and survey properties
journal, August 2018
- Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 616
Unveiling the Milky way: a new Technique for Determining the Optical Color and Luminosity of our Galaxy
journal, August 2015
- Licquia, Timothy C.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Brinchmann, Jarle
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 809, Issue 1
The Circular Velocity Function of Group Galaxies
journal, September 2014
- Abramson, Louis E.; Williams, Rik J.; Benson, Andrew J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 793, Issue 1
Direct evidence for a bar at the Galactic center
journal, September 1991
- Blitz, Leo; Spergel, David N.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 379
Faint Galaxies in Deep Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations
journal, January 2004
- Benitez, N.; Ford, H.; Bouwens, R.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 150, Issue 1
Using Cumulative Number Densities to Compare Galaxies Across Cosmic time
journal, October 2013
- Behroozi, Peter S.; Marchesini, Danilo; Wechsler, Risa H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 777, Issue 1
The Impact of Interactions, Bars, Bulges, and Active Galactic Nuclei on star Formation Efficiency in Local Massive Galaxies
journal, September 2012
- Saintonge, Amélie; Tacconi, Linda J.; Fabello, Silvia
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 758, Issue 2
SDSS-IV MaNGA: The link between bars and the early cessation of star formation in spiral galaxies
journal, September 2020
- Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia; Merrifield, Michael; Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 1
A Catalog of Bulge+Disk Decompositions and Updated Photometry for 1.12 Million Galaxies in the Sloan Digital sky Survey
journal, August 2011
- Simard, Luc; Trevor Mendel, J.; Patton, David R.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 196, Issue 1
The DEEP Groth Strip Galaxy Redshift Survey. III. Redshift Catalog and Properties of Galaxies
journal, February 2005
- Weiner, Benjamin J.; Phillips, Andrew C.; Faber, S. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 620, Issue 2
Star Formation Histories of Massive Red Spiral Galaxies in the Local Universe
journal, July 2021
- Zhou, Shuang; Li, Cheng; Hao, Cai-Na
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 916, Issue 1
Template Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Spectra of Star-forming Galaxies and Their Application to K-Corrections
journal, August 1996
- Kinney, Anne L.; Calzetti, Daniela; Bohlin, Ralph C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 467
Predictably missing satellites: subhalo abundances in Milky Way-like haloes
journal, April 2019
- Fielder, Catherine E.; Mao, Yao-Yuan; Newman, Jeffrey A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 4
Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral Field Spectroscopy
journal, September 2016
- Cappellari, Michele
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 1
The Intrinsic Properties of sdss Galaxies
journal, January 2009
- Maller, Ariyeh H.; Berlind, Andreas A.; Blanton, Michael R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 691, Issue 1
The Galaxy Evolution Explorer - Early Data
journal, January 2005
- Martin, Christopher
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union, Vol. 216
Galaxy Zoo: the dependence of morphology and colour on environment
journal, March 2009
- Bamford, Steven P.; Nichol, Robert C.; Baldry, Ivan K.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 393, Issue 4
THE SPITZER - WISE SURVEY OF THE ECLIPTIC POLES
journal, June 2011
- Jarrett, T. H.; Cohen, M.; Masci, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 735, Issue 2
The impact of galactic properties and environment on the quenching of central and satellite galaxies: a comparison between SDSS, Illustris and L-Galaxies
journal, July 2016
- Bluck, Asa F. L.; Mendel, J. Trevor; Ellison, Sara L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 3
BreakBRD Galaxies. I. Global Properties of Spiral Galaxies with Central Star Formation in Red Disks
journal, February 2020
- Tuttle, Sarah E.; Tonnesen, Stephanie
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
Reconciling Dwarf Galaxies with Λcdm Cosmology: Simulating a Realistic Population of Satellites Around a Milky Way–Mass Galaxy
journal, August 2016
- Wetzel, Andrew R.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Kim, Ji-hoon
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 827, Issue 2
An Atlas of Galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions from the Ultraviolet to the Mid-Infrared
journal, May 2014
- Brown, Michael J. I.; Moustakas, John; Smith, J. -D. T.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 212, Issue 2
Dust Attenuation Curves in the Local Universe: Demographics and New Laws for Star-forming Galaxies and High-redshift Analogs
journal, May 2018
- Salim, Samir; Boquien, Médéric; Lee, Janice C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1
A universal ultraviolet-optical colour-colour-magnitude relation of galaxies★: A universal galaxy photometric relation
journal, November 2011
- Chilingarian, Igor V.; Zolotukhin, Ivan Yu.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 419, Issue 2
Galaxy Zoo and ALFALFA: atomic gas and the regulation of star formation in barred disc galaxies: Atomic gas and bars in disc galaxies
journal, July 2012
- Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert C.; Haynes, Martha P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 424, Issue 3
Red Misfits in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: properties of star-forming red galaxies
journal, March 2018
- Evans, Fraser A.; Parker, Laura C.; Roberts, Ian D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 4
Global Attenuation in Spiral Galaxies in Optical and Infrared Bands
journal, October 2019
- Kourkchi, Ehsan; Tully, R. Brent; Neill, J. Don
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1
Effect of bars on the galaxy properties
journal, October 2016
- Vera, Matias; Alonso, Sol; Coldwell, Georgina
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 595
Inclination‐dependent Luminosity Function of Spiral Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Implications for Dust Extinction
journal, April 2007
- Shao, Zhengyi; Xiao, Quanbao; Shen, Shiyin
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 659, Issue 2
SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python
journal, February 2020
- Virtanen, Pauli; Gommers, Ralf; Oliphant, Travis E.
- Nature Methods
The spatial distribution of 10 micron luminosity in spiral galaxies
journal, December 1987
- Devereux, Nicholas
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 323
The inhibition of star formation in barred spiral galaxies
journal, April 1982
- Tubbs, A. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 255
Kinematic classification of non-interacting spiral galaxies
journal, January 2014
- Wiegert, Theresa; English, Jayanne
- New Astronomy, Vol. 26
Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Main Galaxy Sample
journal, September 2002
- Strauss, Michael A.; Weinberg, David H.; Lupton, Robert H.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 3
Galaxy Zoo: the effect of bar-driven fuelling on the presence of an active galactic nucleus in disc galaxies
journal, March 2015
- Galloway, Melanie A.; Willett, Kyle W.; Fortson, Lucy F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 448, Issue 4
Galactic‐Field Initial Mass Functions of Massive Stars
journal, December 2003
- Kroupa, Pavel; Weidner, Carsten
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 598, Issue 2
Towards a physical picture of star formation quenching: the photometric properties of recently quenched galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, January 2013
- Mendel, J. Trevor; Simard, Luc; Ellison, Sara L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 429, Issue 3
Specific Star Formation Rate Profiles in Nearby Spiral Galaxies: Quantifying the Inside‐Out Formation of Disks
journal, April 2007
- Munoz‐Mateos, J. C.; Gil de Paz, A.; Boissier, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 658, Issue 2
KINGFISH—Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel : Survey Description and Image Atlas1
journal, December 2011
- Kennicutt, R. C.; Calzetti, D.; Aniano, G.
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 123, Issue 910
The Dependence on Environment of the Color-Magnitude Relation of Galaxies
journal, January 2004
- Hogg, David W.; Blanton, Michael R.; Brinchmann, Jarle
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 601, Issue 1
A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty
journal, May 2019
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 625
The physical properties of star-forming galaxies in the low-redshift Universe
journal, July 2004
- Brinchmann, J.; Charlot, S.; White, S. D. M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 351, Issue 4
When the Milky Way turned off the lights: APOGEE provides evidence of star formation quenching in our Galaxy
journal, April 2016
- Haywood, M.; Lehnert, M. D.; Di Matteo, P.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 589
The Imacs Cluster Building Survey. iv. the Log-Normal star Formation History of Galaxies
journal, May 2013
- Gladders, Michael D.; Oemler, Augustus; Dressler, Alan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 770, Issue 1
Astrophysically motivated bulge-disc decompositions of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies: Bulge-disc decomposition of SDSS galaxies
journal, February 2012
- Lackner, C. N.; Gunn, J. E.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 421, Issue 3
The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
journal, August 2017
- Majewski, Steven R.; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Frinchaboy, Peter M.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, Issue 3
Galaxy Zoo: passive red spirals
journal, March 2010
- Masters, Karen L.; Mosleh, Moein; Romer, A. Kathy
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The importance of satellite quenching for the build-up of the red sequence of present-day galaxies
journal, June 2008
- van den Bosch, Frank C.; Aquino, Daniel; Yang, Xiaohu
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 387, Issue 1
Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
journal, August 2013
- Conroy, Charlie
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 51, Issue 1
Improved Estimates of the Milky Way’S Stellar mass and star Formation rate from Hierarchical Bayesian Meta-Analysis
journal, June 2015
- Licquia, Timothy C.; Newman, Jeffrey A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 806, Issue 1
Distribution of star formation in galactic bars as seen with H α and stacked GALEX UV imaging
journal, November 2020
- Díaz-García, S.; Moyano, F. D.; Comerón, S.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 644
Galaxy properties in different environments up to z∼ 3 in the GOODS NICMOS Survey: Galaxy properties in different environments
journal, January 2011
- Grützbauch, Ruth; Chuter, Robert W.; Conselice, Christopher J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 412, Issue 4
AN ACCURATE NEW METHOD OF CALCULATING ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES AND K -CORRECTIONS APPLIED TO THE SLOAN FILTER SET
journal, December 2014
- Beare, Richard; Brown, Michael J. I.; Pimbblet, Kevin
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2
The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
journal, September 2005
- Gallazzi, Anna; Charlot, Stéphane; Brinchmann, Jarle
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 362, Issue 1
The star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where gas Forms Stars Effectively
journal, November 2008
- Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian; Brinks, Elias
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 136, Issue 6
Colors and magnitudes predicted for high redshift galaxies
journal, July 1980
- Coleman, G. D.; Wu, C. -C.; Weedman, D. W.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 43
The Mira-Titan Universe. III. Emulation of the Halo Mass Function
journal, September 2020
- Bocquet, Sebastian; Heitmann, Katrin; Habib, Salman
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1
Does the Milky way obey Spiral Galaxy Scaling Relations?
journal, December 2016
- Licquia, Timothy C.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Bershady, Matthew A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2
The merging history of the Milky Way
journal, February 1996
- Unavane, M.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Gilmore, G.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 278, Issue 3
The Gaia-ESO Survey: a quiescent Milky Way with no significant dark/stellar accreted disc★
journal, May 2015
- Ruchti, G. R.; Read, J. I.; Feltzing, S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 3
On the spiral structure of the Milky Way Galaxy
journal, February 2011
- Efremov, Yu. N.
- Astronomy Reports, Vol. 55, Issue 2
Galaxy Zoo: bars in disc galaxies★: Galaxy Zoo: bars in disc galaxies
journal, November 2010
- Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert C.; Hoyle, Ben
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 411, Issue 3
Galaxy Zoo 2: detailed morphological classifications for 304 122 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, September 2013
- Willett, Kyle W.; Lintott, Chris J.; Bamford, Steven P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 435, Issue 4
The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010
- Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Mainzer, Amy K.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 140, Issue 6