Effect of Nozzle Curvature on Supersonic Gas Jets Used in Laser-Plasma Acceleration
Abstract
Supersonic gas jets produced by converging-diverging (C-D) nozzles are commonly used as targets for laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) experiments. A major point of interest for these targets is the gas density at the region of interaction where the laser ionizes the gas plume to create a plasma, providing the acceleration structure. Tuning the density profiles at this interaction region is crucial to LPA optimization. A "flat-top" density profile is desired at this line of interaction to control laser propagation and high energy electron acceleration, while a short high-density profile is often preferred for acceleration of lower-energy tightly-focused laser-plasma interactions. A particular design parameter of interest is the curvature of the nozzle's diverging section. We examine three nozzle designs with different curvatures: the concave "bell", straight conical and convex "trumpet" nozzles. We demonstrate that, at mm-scale distances from the nozzle exit, the trumpet and straight nozzles, if optimized, produce "flat-top" density profiles whereas the bell nozzle creates focused regions of gas with higher densities. An optimization procedure for the trumpet nozzle is derived and compared to the straight nozzle optimization process. We find that the trumpet nozzle, by providing an extra parameter of control through its curvature, is more versatile for creatingmore »
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1817644
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1865079
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Zhou, Ocean, Tsai, Hai-En, Ostermayr, Tobias M., Fan-Chiang, Liona, Tilborg, Jeroen van, Schroeder, Carl B., Esarey, Eric, and Geddes, Cameron G. R. Effect of Nozzle Curvature on Supersonic Gas Jets Used in Laser-Plasma Acceleration. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0058963.
Zhou, Ocean, Tsai, Hai-En, Ostermayr, Tobias M., Fan-Chiang, Liona, Tilborg, Jeroen van, Schroeder, Carl B., Esarey, Eric, & Geddes, Cameron G. R. Effect of Nozzle Curvature on Supersonic Gas Jets Used in Laser-Plasma Acceleration. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058963
Zhou, Ocean, Tsai, Hai-En, Ostermayr, Tobias M., Fan-Chiang, Liona, Tilborg, Jeroen van, Schroeder, Carl B., Esarey, Eric, and Geddes, Cameron G. R. Tue .
"Effect of Nozzle Curvature on Supersonic Gas Jets Used in Laser-Plasma Acceleration". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058963. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1817644.
@article{osti_1817644,
title = {Effect of Nozzle Curvature on Supersonic Gas Jets Used in Laser-Plasma Acceleration},
author = {Zhou, Ocean and Tsai, Hai-En and Ostermayr, Tobias M. and Fan-Chiang, Liona and Tilborg, Jeroen van and Schroeder, Carl B. and Esarey, Eric and Geddes, Cameron G. R.},
abstractNote = {Supersonic gas jets produced by converging-diverging (C-D) nozzles are commonly used as targets for laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) experiments. A major point of interest for these targets is the gas density at the region of interaction where the laser ionizes the gas plume to create a plasma, providing the acceleration structure. Tuning the density profiles at this interaction region is crucial to LPA optimization. A "flat-top" density profile is desired at this line of interaction to control laser propagation and high energy electron acceleration, while a short high-density profile is often preferred for acceleration of lower-energy tightly-focused laser-plasma interactions. A particular design parameter of interest is the curvature of the nozzle's diverging section. We examine three nozzle designs with different curvatures: the concave "bell", straight conical and convex "trumpet" nozzles. We demonstrate that, at mm-scale distances from the nozzle exit, the trumpet and straight nozzles, if optimized, produce "flat-top" density profiles whereas the bell nozzle creates focused regions of gas with higher densities. An optimization procedure for the trumpet nozzle is derived and compared to the straight nozzle optimization process. We find that the trumpet nozzle, by providing an extra parameter of control through its curvature, is more versatile for creating flat-top profiles and its optimization procedure is more refined compared to the straight nozzle and the straight nozzle optimization process. Furthermore, we present results for different nozzle designs from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed with the program ANSYS Fluent and verify them experimentally using neutral density interferometry.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0058963},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 9,
volume = 28,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Tue Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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