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Title: The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California

Abstract

We investigated the effects of fault geometry and assumed minimum shear wavespeed (VSmin) on 3D ground-motion simulations (0–2.5 Hz) in general, using a moment magnitude (Mw) 6.5 earthquake on the Hayward fault (HF). Simulations of large earthquakes on the northeast-dipping HF using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 3D seismic model have shown intensity asymmetry with stronger shaking for the Great Valley Sequence east of the HF (hanging wall) relative to the Franciscan Complex to the west (footwall). We performed simulations with three fault geometries in both plane-layered (1D) and 3D models. Results show that the nonvertical fault geometries result in larger motions on the hanging wall relative to the vertical fault for the same Earth model with up to 50% amplifications in single-component peak ground velocity (PGV) within 10 km of the rupture. Near-fault motions on the footwall are reduced for the nonvertical faults, but less than they are increased on the hanging wall. Simulations assuming VSmin values of 500 and 250 m/s reveal that PGVs are on average 25% higher west of the HF when using the lower VSmin,with some locations amplified by a factor of 3. Increasing frequency content from 2.5 to 5 Hz increases PGV values. Spectralmore » ratios of these two VSmin cases show average amplifications of 2–4 (0.5–1.5 Hz) for the lower VSmin west of the fault. Large differences (up to 2×) in PGV across the HF from previous studies persist even for the case with a vertical fault or VSmin of 250 m/s. We conclude that assuming a VSmin of 500 m/s underestimates intensities west of the HF for frequencies above 0.5 Hz, and that low upper crustal (depth <10 km) shear wavespeeds defined in the 3D model contribute most to higher intensities east of the HF.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
OSTI Identifier:
1813987
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 109; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0037-1106
Publisher:
Seismological Society of America
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; S-waves; seismic waves; Hayward Fault; ground motion; San Francisco Bay region

Citation Formats

Rodgers, Arthur J., Pitarka, Arben, and McCallen, David B. The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1785/0120180290.
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Rodgers, Arthur J., Pitarka, Arben, & McCallen, David B. The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California. United States. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180290
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Rodgers, Arthur J., Pitarka, Arben, and McCallen, David B. Tue . "The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California". United States. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180290. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1813987.
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@article{osti_1813987,
title = {The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California},
author = {Rodgers, Arthur J. and Pitarka, Arben and McCallen, David B.},
abstractNote = {We investigated the effects of fault geometry and assumed minimum shear wavespeed (VSmin) on 3D ground-motion simulations (0–2.5 Hz) in general, using a moment magnitude (Mw) 6.5 earthquake on the Hayward fault (HF). Simulations of large earthquakes on the northeast-dipping HF using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 3D seismic model have shown intensity asymmetry with stronger shaking for the Great Valley Sequence east of the HF (hanging wall) relative to the Franciscan Complex to the west (footwall). We performed simulations with three fault geometries in both plane-layered (1D) and 3D models. Results show that the nonvertical fault geometries result in larger motions on the hanging wall relative to the vertical fault for the same Earth model with up to 50% amplifications in single-component peak ground velocity (PGV) within 10 km of the rupture. Near-fault motions on the footwall are reduced for the nonvertical faults, but less than they are increased on the hanging wall. Simulations assuming VSmin values of 500 and 250 m/s reveal that PGVs are on average 25% higher west of the HF when using the lower VSmin,with some locations amplified by a factor of 3. Increasing frequency content from 2.5 to 5 Hz increases PGV values. Spectral ratios of these two VSmin cases show average amplifications of 2–4 (0.5–1.5 Hz) for the lower VSmin west of the fault. Large differences (up to 2×) in PGV across the HF from previous studies persist even for the case with a vertical fault or VSmin of 250 m/s. We conclude that assuming a VSmin of 500 m/s underestimates intensities west of the HF for frequencies above 0.5 Hz, and that low upper crustal (depth <10 km) shear wavespeeds defined in the 3D model contribute most to higher intensities east of the HF.},
doi = {10.1785/0120180290},
journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
number = 4,
volume = 109,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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