Variability of near-fault seismic risk to reinforced concrete buildings based on high-resolution physics-based ground motion simulations
Abstract
Broadband physics-based simulated earthquake ground motions are utilized to characterize the regional-scale seismic risk to modern reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A highly dense dataset of ground motions covering a 100-km (Formula presented.) 40-km domain was generated using kinematic fault rupture models with varying rupture characteristics to represent shallow crustal earthquakes and resolved up to frequencies of 5 Hz. Over 40,000 nonlinear response history simulations of short- and mid-rise RC special moment frame buildings were conducted using simulation models that are capable of representing nonlinear behavior and component deterioration effects. The spatial variability of structural risk within a single earthquake scenario and between different rupture scenarios is examined, and the regions of strongest directivity effects and highest structural demands are identified. The structural demands may vary by factor of up to 8.0 at very short distances from the fault, and the large dispersion in the demands decreases significantly beyond a distance of 15 km. The interstory drift and member rotation demands are substantially impacted by important features of the geological structure and the characteristics of the rupture scenarios, particularly the presence of localized high-slip regions. The frequency characteristics of the structures are found to play an important role in determining themore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
- Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1812145
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1804564; OSTI ID: 1813989
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-814055
Journal ID: ISSN 0098-8847; 1022445
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 17‐SC‐20‐SC; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 50; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0098-8847
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES
Citation Formats
Kenawy, Maha, McCallen, David, and Pitarka, Arben. Variability of near-fault seismic risk to reinforced concrete buildings based on high-resolution physics-based ground motion simulations. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1002/eqe.3413.
Kenawy, Maha, McCallen, David, & Pitarka, Arben. Variability of near-fault seismic risk to reinforced concrete buildings based on high-resolution physics-based ground motion simulations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3413
Kenawy, Maha, McCallen, David, and Pitarka, Arben. Thu .
"Variability of near-fault seismic risk to reinforced concrete buildings based on high-resolution physics-based ground motion simulations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3413. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1812145.
@article{osti_1812145,
title = {Variability of near-fault seismic risk to reinforced concrete buildings based on high-resolution physics-based ground motion simulations},
author = {Kenawy, Maha and McCallen, David and Pitarka, Arben},
abstractNote = {Broadband physics-based simulated earthquake ground motions are utilized to characterize the regional-scale seismic risk to modern reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A highly dense dataset of ground motions covering a 100-km (Formula presented.) 40-km domain was generated using kinematic fault rupture models with varying rupture characteristics to represent shallow crustal earthquakes and resolved up to frequencies of 5 Hz. Over 40,000 nonlinear response history simulations of short- and mid-rise RC special moment frame buildings were conducted using simulation models that are capable of representing nonlinear behavior and component deterioration effects. The spatial variability of structural risk within a single earthquake scenario and between different rupture scenarios is examined, and the regions of strongest directivity effects and highest structural demands are identified. The structural demands may vary by factor of up to 8.0 at very short distances from the fault, and the large dispersion in the demands decreases significantly beyond a distance of 15 km. The interstory drift and member rotation demands are substantially impacted by important features of the geological structure and the characteristics of the rupture scenarios, particularly the presence of localized high-slip regions. The frequency characteristics of the structures are found to play an important role in determining the effects of near-fault ground motions on the structural response and expected damage. The results of this study suggest that the simulated ground motions, particularly those generated using the hybrid rupture approach, may offer reasonable structural risk estimates for low-frequency structures and conservative estimates for high-frequency structures.},
doi = {10.1002/eqe.3413},
journal = {Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics},
number = 6,
volume = 50,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
Works referenced in this record:
The effect of near-fault directivity on building seismic collapse risk: THE EFFECT OF NEAR-FAULT DIRECTIVITY ON BUILDING SEISMIC COLLAPSE RISK
journal, January 2012
- Champion, Casey; Liel, Abbie
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 41, Issue 10
NGA-West2 Ground Motion Model for the Average Horizontal Components of PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped Linear Acceleration Response Spectra
journal, August 2014
- Campbell, Kenneth W.; Bozorgnia, Yousef
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 30, Issue 3
Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration
journal, January 2005
- Ibarra, Luis F.; Medina, Ricardo A.; Krawinkler, Helmut
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 34, Issue 12
Evaluation of the Interperiod Correlation of Ground‐Motion Simulations
journal, October 2018
- Bayless, Jeff; Abrahamson, Norman A.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 108, Issue 6
Kinematic Ground‐Motion Simulations on Rough Faults Including Effects of 3D Stochastic Velocity Perturbations
journal, August 2016
- Graves, Robert; Pitarka, Arben
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 106, Issue 5
Aseismic design implications of near-fault san fernando earthquake records
journal, January 1978
- Bertero, Vitelmo V.; Mahin, Stephen A.; Herrera, Ricardo A.
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Evaluation of Hybrid Broadband Ground Motion Simulations for Response History Analysis and Design
journal, August 2015
- Burks, Lynne S.; Zimmerman, Reid B.; Baker, Jack W.
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 31, Issue 3
Validation of ground-motion simulations for historical events using MDoF systems: VALIDATION OF GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS USING MDOF SYSTEMS
journal, January 2013
- Galasso, Carmine; Zhong, Peng; Zareian, Farzin
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 42, Issue 9
Comparing response of SDF systems to near-fault and far-fault earthquake motions in the context of spectral regions
journal, January 2001
- Chopra, Anil K.; Chintanapakdee, Chatpan
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 30, Issue 12
A Fourth Order Accurate Finite Difference Scheme for the Elastic Wave Equation in Second Order Formulation
journal, September 2011
- Sjögreen, Björn; Petersson, N. Anders
- Journal of Scientific Computing, Vol. 52, Issue 1
The Effect of Fault Geometry and Minimum Shear Wavespeed on 3D Ground-Motion Simulations for an Mw 6.5 Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquake, San Francisco Bay Area, Northern California
journal, May 2019
- Rodgers, Arthur J.; Pitarka, Arben; McCallen, David B.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 109, Issue 4
Coupled Soil-Structure Interaction Effects of Building Clusters During Earthquakes
journal, February 2015
- Isbiliroglu, Yigit; Taborda, Ricardo; Bielak, Jacobo
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 31, Issue 1
An Efficient Algorithm to Identify Strong-Velocity Pulses in Multicomponent Ground Motions
journal, September 2014
- Shahi, S. K.; Baker, J. W.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 104, Issue 5
Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity
journal, January 1997
- Somerville, P. G.; Smith, N. F.; Graves, R. W.
- Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 1
A Survey of Techniques for Predicting Earthquake Ground Motions for Engineering Purposes
journal, May 2008
- Douglas, John; Aochi, Hideo
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Evaluation of Building Collapse Risk and Drift Demands by Nonlinear Structural Analyses Using Conventional Hazard Analysis versus Direct Simulation with CyberShake Seismograms
journal, August 2019
- Bijelić, Nenad; Lin, Ting; Deierlein, Gregory G.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 109, Issue 5
Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse
journal, May 2003
- Somerville, Paul G.
- Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 137, Issue 1-4
Explicit Directivity-Pulse Inclusion in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
journal, November 2007
- Tothong, Polsak; Cornell, C. Allin; Baker, J. W.
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 23, Issue 4
Near-Source Ground Motion and its Effects on Flexible Buildings
journal, November 1995
- Hall, John F.; Heaton, Thomas H.; Halling, Marvin W.
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Quantification of the Influence of Deep Basin Effects on Structural Collapse Using SCEC CyberShake Earthquake Ground Motion Simulations
journal, November 2019
- Bijelić, Nenad; Lin, Ting; Deierlein, Gregory G.
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 35, Issue 4
Basin Structure Effects in the Kobe Area Inferred from the Modeling of Ground Motions from Two Aftershocks of the January 17, 1995, Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake.
journal, January 1996
- Pitarka, Arben; Irikura, Kojiro; Iwata, Tomotaka
- Journal of Physics of the Earth, Vol. 44, Issue 5
Impacts of Simulated M9 Cascadia Subduction Zone Motions on Idealized Systems
journal, August 2019
- Marafi, Nasser A.; Eberhard, Marc O.; Berman, Jeffrey W.
- Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 35, Issue 3
Broadband (0–5 Hz) Fully Deterministic 3D Ground‐Motion Simulations of a Magnitude 7.0 Hayward Fault Earthquake: Comparison with Empirical Ground‐Motion Models and 3D Path and Site Effects from Source Normalized Intensities
journal, February 2019
- Rodgers, Arthur J.; Anders Petersson, N.; Pitarka, Arben
- Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 3
Domain Reduction Method for Three-Dimensional Earthquake Modeling in Localized Regions, Part I: Theory
journal, April 2003
- Bielak, J.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 93, Issue 2
Modelling of ground motion in the Higashinada (Kobe) area for an aftershock of the 1995 January 17 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake
journal, November 1997
- Pitarka, Arben; Irikura, Kojiro; Iwata, Tomotaka
- Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 131, Issue 2
Orientation-Independent, Nongeometric-Mean Measures of Seismic Intensity from Two Horizontal Components of Motion
journal, July 2010
- Boore, D. M.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 100, Issue 4
Calibration of Model to Simulate Response of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Columns to Collapse
journal, November 2016
- Haselton, Curt B.; Liel, Abbie B.; Taylor-Lange, Sarah C.
- ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 113, Issue 6
Large-Scale Earthquake Simulation: Computational Seismology and Complex Engineering Systems
journal, July 2011
- Taborda, Ricardo; Bielak, Jacobo
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 4
Effect of ground motion duration on earthquake-induced structural collapse
journal, March 2013
- Raghunandan, Meera; Liel, Abbie B.
- Structural Safety, Vol. 41
Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation Using a Hybrid Approach
journal, September 2010
- Graves, R. W.; Pitarka, A.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 100, Issue 5A
The Cause of the Damage Belt in Kobe: "The Basin-Edge Effect," Constructive Interference of the Direct S-Wave with the Basin-Induced Diffracted/Rayleigh Waves
journal, September 1996
- Kawase, H.
- Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 67, Issue 5
Behavior of moment-resisting frame structures subjected to near-fault ground motions
journal, April 2004
- Alavi, Babak; Krawinkler, Helmut
- Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 33, Issue 6