Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition
Abstract
Because of their extensive coverage, marine low clouds greatly impact the global climate. Presently, the response of marine low clouds to the changes in atmospheric aerosols remains a major source of uncertainty in climate simulations. One key contribution to this large uncertainty derives from the poor understanding of the properties and processes of marine aerosols under natural conditions and the perturbation by anthropogenic emissions. The eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds, where cloud albedo and precipitation are highly susceptible to perturbations in aerosol properties. Here we examine the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population in the MBL using comprehensive characterizations of aerosol and trace gas vertical profiles during the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) field campaign. During ACE-ENA, a total of 39 research flights were conducted in the Azores: 20 during summer 2017 and 19 during winter 2018. During summer, long-range-transported aerosol layers were periodically observed in the lower free troposphere (FT), leading to elevated FT CCN concentrations (NCCN). Both biomass burning and pollution from North America contribute to submicron aerosol mass in these layers, with pollution likely the dominantmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- Contributing Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL); Argonne National Lab. (ANL)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1809099
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1812369; OSTI ID: 1813332; OSTI ID: 1820147; OSTI ID: 1837835
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-221968-2021-JAAM; PNNL-SA-161330
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0016370; AC05-76RL01830; SC0018948; SC0012704; SC0013489; KP1701000/57131; SC0020259; SC0021256; KP1701010
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Volume: 21 Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Publisher:
- Copernicus GmbH
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Wang, Yang, Zheng, Guangjie, Jensen, Michael P., Knopf, Daniel A., Laskin, Alexander, Matthews, Alyssa A., Mechem, David, Mei, Fan, Moffet, Ryan, Sedlacek, Arthur J., Shilling, John E., Springston, Stephen, Sullivan, Amy, Tomlinson, Jason, Veghte, Daniel, Weber, Rodney, Wood, Robert, Zawadowicz, Maria A., and Wang, Jian. Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition. Germany: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021.
Wang, Yang, Zheng, Guangjie, Jensen, Michael P., Knopf, Daniel A., Laskin, Alexander, Matthews, Alyssa A., Mechem, David, Mei, Fan, Moffet, Ryan, Sedlacek, Arthur J., Shilling, John E., Springston, Stephen, Sullivan, Amy, Tomlinson, Jason, Veghte, Daniel, Weber, Rodney, Wood, Robert, Zawadowicz, Maria A., & Wang, Jian. Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021
Wang, Yang, Zheng, Guangjie, Jensen, Michael P., Knopf, Daniel A., Laskin, Alexander, Matthews, Alyssa A., Mechem, David, Mei, Fan, Moffet, Ryan, Sedlacek, Arthur J., Shilling, John E., Springston, Stephen, Sullivan, Amy, Tomlinson, Jason, Veghte, Daniel, Weber, Rodney, Wood, Robert, Zawadowicz, Maria A., and Wang, Jian. Thu .
"Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021.
@article{osti_1809099,
title = {Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition},
author = {Wang, Yang and Zheng, Guangjie and Jensen, Michael P. and Knopf, Daniel A. and Laskin, Alexander and Matthews, Alyssa A. and Mechem, David and Mei, Fan and Moffet, Ryan and Sedlacek, Arthur J. and Shilling, John E. and Springston, Stephen and Sullivan, Amy and Tomlinson, Jason and Veghte, Daniel and Weber, Rodney and Wood, Robert and Zawadowicz, Maria A. and Wang, Jian},
abstractNote = {Because of their extensive coverage, marine low clouds greatly impact the global climate. Presently, the response of marine low clouds to the changes in atmospheric aerosols remains a major source of uncertainty in climate simulations. One key contribution to this large uncertainty derives from the poor understanding of the properties and processes of marine aerosols under natural conditions and the perturbation by anthropogenic emissions. The eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds, where cloud albedo and precipitation are highly susceptible to perturbations in aerosol properties. Here we examine the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population in the MBL using comprehensive characterizations of aerosol and trace gas vertical profiles during the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) field campaign. During ACE-ENA, a total of 39 research flights were conducted in the Azores: 20 during summer 2017 and 19 during winter 2018. During summer, long-range-transported aerosol layers were periodically observed in the lower free troposphere (FT), leading to elevated FT CCN concentrations (NCCN). Both biomass burning and pollution from North America contribute to submicron aerosol mass in these layers, with pollution likely the dominant contributor. In contrast, long-range transported continental emissions have a much weaker influence on the aerosol properties in the ENA during the winter season. While the entrainment of FT air is a major source of particle number in the MBL for both seasons, on average it does not serve as a direct source of CCN in the MBL because the average FT NCCN is the same or even lower than that in the MBL. The particle number flux due to FT entrainment is dominated by pre-CCN (particles that are too small to form cloud droplets under typical conditions, i.e., particles with sizes below the Hoppel minimum) due to the elevated Npre-CCN in the lower FT. Once these pre-CCN are entrained into the MBL, they can grow and reach CCN size range through condensational growth, representing an indirect and major source of MBL CCN in the ENA. The impact of synoptic conditions on the aerosol properties is examined. Under pre-front and post-front conditions, shallow convective activity often leads to a deep and decoupled boundary layer. Coalescence scavenging and evaporation of drizzle below clouds lead to reduced NCCN and larger accumulation-mode particle sizes in the upper cloud-containing decoupled layer, indicating that surface measurements overestimate the NCCN relevant to the formation of MBL clouds under decoupled conditions.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 14,
volume = 21,
place = {Germany},
year = {Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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