Suppressed Daytime Convection Over the Amazon River
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between surface conditions and precipitating convection by comparing the Amazon River against the surrounding forest. Despite similar synoptic conditions within a few tens of kilometers, the river surface is substantially cooler than the surrounding forest during the day and warmer at night. We analyzed 20 years of high-resolution satellite precipitation data and confirmed previous findings of daytime rainfall reduction over the river for the whole Amazon Basin. The percentage reduction is strongest during the dry-to-wet transition season. In addition, the percentage reduction of individual tributary is significantly correlated with the Laplacian of surface temperature, which causes thermally driven surface divergence and suppresses local convection. Additionally, nighttime rainfall is enhanced over tributaries near the Atlantic coast during the wet season. A regional climate model then simulates the local rainfall anomalies associated with the river. Above the river, moisture diverges near the surface and converges above the surface before the daytime rainfall, partially driven by the horizontal gradient of humidity. Unlike the river, moisture convergence within the boundary layer is more critical for the rainfall above the forest region. Our studies suggest that strong thermal contrast can be important in deriving heterogeneous convection in moist tropical regions.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1]
- Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1807419
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1829274
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-222320-2021-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 126; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Wu, M., Lee, J. ‐E., Wang, D., and Salameh, M. Suppressed Daytime Convection Over the Amazon River. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1029/2020jd033627.
Wu, M., Lee, J. ‐E., Wang, D., & Salameh, M. Suppressed Daytime Convection Over the Amazon River. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033627
Wu, M., Lee, J. ‐E., Wang, D., and Salameh, M. Sat .
"Suppressed Daytime Convection Over the Amazon River". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033627. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1807419.
@article{osti_1807419,
title = {Suppressed Daytime Convection Over the Amazon River},
author = {Wu, M. and Lee, J. ‐E. and Wang, D. and Salameh, M.},
abstractNote = {We investigated the interaction between surface conditions and precipitating convection by comparing the Amazon River against the surrounding forest. Despite similar synoptic conditions within a few tens of kilometers, the river surface is substantially cooler than the surrounding forest during the day and warmer at night. We analyzed 20 years of high-resolution satellite precipitation data and confirmed previous findings of daytime rainfall reduction over the river for the whole Amazon Basin. The percentage reduction is strongest during the dry-to-wet transition season. In addition, the percentage reduction of individual tributary is significantly correlated with the Laplacian of surface temperature, which causes thermally driven surface divergence and suppresses local convection. Additionally, nighttime rainfall is enhanced over tributaries near the Atlantic coast during the wet season. A regional climate model then simulates the local rainfall anomalies associated with the river. Above the river, moisture diverges near the surface and converges above the surface before the daytime rainfall, partially driven by the horizontal gradient of humidity. Unlike the river, moisture convergence within the boundary layer is more critical for the rainfall above the forest region. Our studies suggest that strong thermal contrast can be important in deriving heterogeneous convection in moist tropical regions.},
doi = {10.1029/2020jd033627},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 13,
volume = 126,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Sat Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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