Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $\textit{p}$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Moreland, J. Scott; Bernhard, Jonah E.; Bass, Steffen A.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.101.024911

Title: Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $$\textit{p}$$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

Here, we posit a unified hydrodynamic and microscopic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic p₋Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s}_\text{NN}$$ = 5.02 TeV and evaluate our assertion using Bayesian inference. Specifically, we model the dynamics of both collision systems using initial conditions with parametric nucleon substructure, a preequilibrium free streaming stage, event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics, and a microscopic hadronic afterburner. Free parameters of the model, which describe the initial state and QGP medium are then simultaneously calibrated to fit charged-particle yields, mean $$p_T$$, and flow cumulants. We argue that the global agreement of the calibrated model with the experimental data strongly supports the existence of hydrodynamic flow in small collision systems at ultrarelativistic energies, and that the flow produced develops at length scales smaller than a single proton. Posterior estimates for the model's input parameters are obtained, and new insights into the temperature dependence of the QGP transport coefficients and event-by-event structure of the proton are discussed.

Authors:

Moreland, J. Scott ^[1]; Bernhard, Jonah E. ^[1]; Bass, Steffen A. ^[1]

Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1800267

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1601076

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-05ER41367; AC02-05CH11231; NSF-ACI-1550225

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Physics

Citation Formats


                    Moreland, J. Scott, Bernhard, Jonah E., and Bass, Steffen A. Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $\textit{p}$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevc.101.024911.

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                    Moreland, J. Scott, Bernhard, Jonah E., & Bass, Steffen A. Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $\textit{p}$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.101.024911

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                    Moreland, J. Scott, Bernhard, Jonah E., and Bass, Steffen A. Fri .  
"Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $\textit{p}$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.101.024911.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1800267.

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@article{osti_1800267,

  title        = {Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $\textit{p}$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider},

  author       = {Moreland, J. Scott and Bernhard, Jonah E. and Bass, Steffen A.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we posit a unified hydrodynamic and microscopic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic p₋Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}_\text{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV and evaluate our assertion using Bayesian inference. Specifically, we model the dynamics of both collision systems using initial conditions with parametric nucleon substructure, a preequilibrium free streaming stage, event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics, and a microscopic hadronic afterburner. Free parameters of the model, which describe the initial state and QGP medium are then simultaneously calibrated to fit charged-particle yields, mean $p_T$, and flow cumulants. We argue that the global agreement of the calibrated model with the experimental data strongly supports the existence of hydrodynamic flow in small collision systems at ultrarelativistic energies, and that the flow produced develops at length scales smaller than a single proton. Posterior estimates for the model's input parameters are obtained, and new insights into the temperature dependence of the QGP transport coefficients and event-by-event structure of the proton are discussed.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevc.101.024911},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Fri Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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A Bayesian Approach for Parameter Estimation and Prediction using a Computationally Intensive Model
text, January 2014

Higdon, Dave; McDonnell, Jordan D.; Schunck, Nicolas
arXiv
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Centrality dependence of particle production in $p - Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$
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Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.
Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 6
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Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
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Bernhard, Jonah E.; Moreland, J. Scott; Bass, Steffen A.
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Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
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Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 22
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Initial state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and deuteron-nucleus collisions
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Bzdak, Adam; Schenke, Bjoern; Tribedy, Prithwish
arXiv
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Azimuthal Anisotropy in $U + U$ and $Au + Au$ Collisions at RHIC
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Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 22
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Review of Particle Physics
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Erratum: Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 $A$ GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade [Phys. Rev. C 83 , 054910 (2011)]
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Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich
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Moreland, J. Scott; Bernhard, Jonah E.; Bass, Steffen A.
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Shen, Chun; Paquet, Jean-François; Denicol, Gabriel S.
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Schenke, Björn
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Bleicher, M.; Zabrodin, E.; Spieles, C.
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Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
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Andronic, A.; Gronefeld, J.; Knichel, M. L.
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p–Pb collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn><mml:mtext> TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math>
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Denicol, G. S.; Niemi, H.; Molnár, E.
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Schenke, Björn; Tribedy, Prithwish; Venugopalan, Raju
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Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 724, Issue 4-5
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Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 $A$ GeV $Au + Au$ collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
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Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich
Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 5
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Torqued fireballs in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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Bożek, Piotr; Broniowski, Wojciech; Moreira, João
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Wounded quarks at the LHC
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Broniowski, Wojciech; Bozek, Piotr; Rybczynski, Maciej
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Ollitrault, Jean-Yves; Gardim, Fernando G.
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 904-905
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DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044912

Generic framework for anisotropic flow analyses with multi-particle azimuthal correlations
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Bilandzic, Ante; Christensen, Christian Holm; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1312.3572

The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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Shen, Chun; Qiu, Zhi; Song, Huichao
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Title: Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using $$\textit{p}$$₋Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation journal, August 2014

Thermodynamics of nonstationary and transient effects in a relativistic gas journal, September 1976

Eccentric Protons? Sensitivity of Flow to System Size and Shape in p + p , p + Pb , and Pb + Pb Collisions journal, September 2014

Fluctuating Glasma initial conditions and flow in heavy ion collisions text, January 2012

Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics text, January 2012

Review of Particle Physics journal, October 2016

Computer Model Calibration Using High-Dimensional Output journal, June 2008

Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure text, January 2017

Initial-state fluctuations in collisions between light and heavy ions journal, August 2016

Review of Particle Physics text, January 2008

Finite resonance widths influence the thermal-model description of hadron yields text, January 2018

Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in p + p , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at s NN = 62.4 –200 GeV and implications for particle-production models journal, April 2014

Erratum: Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation [Phys. Rev. D 85 , 114047 (2012)] journal, February 2015

Bayesian analysis of computer code outputs: A tutorial journal, October 2006

Coupling relativistic viscous hydrodynamics to Boltzmann descriptions journal, October 2010

Hydrodynamic approaches in relativistic heavy ion reactions journal, January 2016

Equation of state in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD journal, November 2014

Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions text, January 2014

Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, June 2008

Mixtures of Probabilistic Principal Component Analyzers journal, February 1999

Collective effects in light–heavy ion collisions journal, November 2014

Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV text, January 2012

Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium journal, August 2016

Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy journal, August 2016

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory journal, April 1979

Imprints of fluctuating proton shapes on flow in proton-lead collisions at the LHC journal, September 2017

Hot spots and the hollowness of proton–proton interactions at high energies journal, July 2017

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $${e^{\pm }p}$$ e ± p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data: H1 and ZEUS Collaborations journal, December 2015

Wounded Quarks at the LHC journal, January 2017

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2008

Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC text, January 2013

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics text, January 2016

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade text, January 2011

Nuclear charge-density-distribution parameters from elastic electron scattering journal, May 1987

Collective flow in p -Pb and d -Pb collisions at TeV energies journal, January 2012

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic e±p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data text, January 2015

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models journal, May 2016

Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross sections at HERA journal, January 2010

Collective dynamics of the high-energy proton-nucleus collisions text, January 2013

Correlated wounded hot spots in proton-proton interactions text, January 2016

Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure journal, November 2017

Evidence of Strong Proton Shape Fluctuations from Incoherent Diffraction journal, July 2016

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics journal, November 2016

Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in pPb collisions at the LHC text, January 2013

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations text, January 1993

Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC journal, December 2013

Collective dynamics in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions journal, July 2013

Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2016

Proton–Proton On Shell Optical Potential at High Energies and the Hollowness Effect journal, April 2016

Pre-equilibrium dynamics and heavy-ion observables journal, December 2016

Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2007

Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions text, January 2013

Initial-state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and deuteron-nucleus collisions journal, June 2013

Initial state of Heavy-Ion Collisions: Isotropization and thermalization journal, December 2016

Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from s N N = 7.7 to 200 GeV journal, February 2016

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2009

Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e±p scattering cross sections at HERA text, January 2010

Scaling Properties of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au + Au and Cu + Cu Collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal, April 2007

A Bayesian approach for parameter estimation and prediction using a computationally intensive model journal, February 2015

Constraining models of initial conditions with elliptic and triangular flow data text, January 2013

Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems journal, January 2017

Pre-equilibrium evolution effects on heavy-ion collision observables preprint, January 2015

Collective dynamics in relativistic nuclear collisions journal, November 2014

Ensemble samplers with affine invariance journal, January 2010

Analysis of combined HERA data in the Impact-Parameter dependent Saturation model text, January 2012

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1998

Measurements of Multiparticle Correlations in d + Au Collisions at 200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV and p + Au Collisions at 200 GeV and Implications for Collective Behavior journal, February 2018

Transverse Momentum Fluctuations and Correlations journal, January 2017

Creation of quark–gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries journal, December 2018

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, October 2016

QGP viscosity at RHIC and the LHC – a 2012 status report journal, May 2013

Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high-density QCD journal, May 2001

Event-by-Event Anisotropic Flow in Heavy-ion Collisions from Combined Yang-Mills and Viscous Fluid Dynamics journal, January 2013

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations journal, March 1995

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions journal, June 2012

emcee : The MCMC Hammer journal, March 2013

Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy text, January 2016

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation
journal, August 2014

Thermodynamics of nonstationary and transient effects in a relativistic gas
journal, September 1976

Eccentric Protons? Sensitivity of Flow to System Size and Shape in $p + p$ , $p + Pb$ , and $Pb + Pb$ Collisions
journal, September 2014

Fluctuating Glasma initial conditions and flow in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2012

Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics
text, January 2012

Review of Particle Physics
journal, October 2016

Computer Model Calibration Using High-Dimensional Output
journal, June 2008

Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure
text, January 2017

Initial-state fluctuations in collisions between light and heavy ions
journal, August 2016

Review of Particle Physics
text, January 2008

Finite resonance widths influence the thermal-model description of hadron yields
text, January 2018

Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in $p + p$ , $d + Au$ , and $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ –200 GeV and implications for particle-production models
journal, April 2014

Erratum: Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation [Phys. Rev. D 85 , 114047 (2012)]
journal, February 2015

Bayesian analysis of computer code outputs: A tutorial
journal, October 2006

Coupling relativistic viscous hydrodynamics to Boltzmann descriptions
journal, October 2010

Hydrodynamic approaches in relativistic heavy ion reactions
journal, January 2016

Equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2014

Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions
text, January 2014

Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2008

Mixtures of Probabilistic Principal Component Analyzers
journal, February 1999

Collective effects in light–heavy ion collisions
journal, November 2014

Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
text, January 2012

Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
journal, August 2016

Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy
journal, August 2016

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory
journal, April 1979

Imprints of fluctuating proton shapes on flow in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
journal, September 2017

Hot spots and the hollowness of proton–proton interactions at high energies
journal, July 2017

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $${e^{\pm }p}$$ e ± p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data: H1 and ZEUS Collaborations
journal, December 2015

Wounded Quarks at the LHC
journal, January 2017

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2008

Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
text, January 2013

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics
text, January 2016

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
text, January 2011

Nuclear charge-density-distribution parameters from elastic electron scattering
journal, May 1987

Collective flow in $p$ -Pb and $d$ -Pb collisions at TeV energies
journal, January 2012

Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic e±p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data
text, January 2015

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models
journal, May 2016

Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross sections at HERA
journal, January 2010

Collective dynamics of the high-energy proton-nucleus collisions
text, January 2013

Correlated wounded hot spots in proton-proton interactions
text, January 2016

Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure
journal, November 2017

Evidence of Strong Proton Shape Fluctuations from Incoherent Diffraction
journal, July 2016

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics
journal, November 2016

Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in pPb collisions at the LHC
text, January 2013

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
text, January 1993

Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
journal, December 2013

Collective dynamics in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions
journal, July 2013

Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016

Proton–Proton On Shell Optical Potential at High Energies and the Hollowness Effect
journal, April 2016

Pre-equilibrium dynamics and heavy-ion observables
journal, December 2016

Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2007

Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions
text, January 2013

Initial-state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and deuteron-nucleus collisions
journal, June 2013

Initial state of Heavy-Ion Collisions: Isotropization and thermalization
journal, December 2016

Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7$ to 200 GeV
journal, February 2016

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2009

Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e±p scattering cross sections at HERA
text, January 2010

Scaling Properties of Azimuthal Anisotropy in $Au + Au$ and $Cu + Cu$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$
journal, April 2007

A Bayesian approach for parameter estimation and prediction using a computationally intensive model
journal, February 2015

Constraining models of initial conditions with elliptic and triangular flow data
text, January 2013

Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems
journal, January 2017

Pre-equilibrium evolution effects on heavy-ion collision observables
preprint, January 2015

Collective dynamics in relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, November 2014

Ensemble samplers with affine invariance
journal, January 2010

Analysis of combined HERA data in the Impact-Parameter dependent Saturation model
text, January 2012

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Measurements of Multiparticle Correlations in $d + Au$ Collisions at 200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV and $p + Au$ Collisions at 200 GeV and Implications for Collective Behavior
journal, February 2018

Transverse Momentum Fluctuations and Correlations
journal, January 2017

Creation of quark–gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries
journal, December 2018

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, October 2016

QGP viscosity at RHIC and the LHC – a 2012 status report
journal, May 2013

Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high-density QCD
journal, May 2001

Event-by-Event Anisotropic Flow in Heavy-ion Collisions from Combined Yang-Mills and Viscous Fluid Dynamics
journal, January 2013

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
journal, March 1995

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, June 2012

`emcee` : The MCMC Hammer
journal, March 2013

Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy
text, January 2016

Imprints of fluctuating proton shapes on flow in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
text, January 2017

Constraining models of initial conditions with elliptic and triangular flow data
journal, January 2014

Observation of Associated Near-Side and Away-Side Long-Range Correlations in $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$ Proton-Lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector
journal, May 2013