Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage

Liu, Xiaobing; Spitler, Jeffrey D.; Qu, Ming; Shi, Liang

doi:10.1115/1.4050418

Title: Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract

Ground source (geothermal) heat pumps (GSHPs) can meet the thermal demands of buildings in an energy-efficient manner. The current high installation costs and long payback period limit the attractiveness of GSHP installation in the United States. Vertical borehole ground heat exchangers (VBGHEs), which are commonly used in GSHP systems, contribute most to the cost premium of GSHPs. Reducing the cost of VBGHEs could help increase market penetration of GSHP systems. This paper reviews recent developments for VBGHEs, including improvements in borehole heat transfer and borehole field layout, integration with thermal energy storage, and new design tools. Improvements in the borehole design and materials are more likely to be justified when the ground has high thermal conductivity. Integrating thermal energy storage can provide additional value to the GSHP system, especially when flexible electric demand at buildings becomes more valuable. Here, advanced design tools for VBGHEs that account for the thermal response of irregularly shaped borehole fields and that are more closely integrated with whole-building energy simulation programs may facilitate more innovations and optimization of GSHP system designs.

Authors:

^[1]; Spitler, Jeffrey D. ^[2]; Qu, Ming ^[3]; Shi, Liang ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK (United States)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1783298

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Energy Resources Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 143; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0195-0738

Publisher:: ASME

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; energy storage systems; geothermal energy; heat energy generation/storage/transfer

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Xiaobing, Spitler, Jeffrey D., Qu, Ming, and Shi, Liang. Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1115/1.4050418.

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                    Liu, Xiaobing, Spitler, Jeffrey D., Qu, Ming, & Shi, Liang. Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050418

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                    Liu, Xiaobing, Spitler, Jeffrey D., Qu, Ming, and Shi, Liang. Wed .  
"Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050418.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1783298.

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@article{osti_1783298,

  title        = {Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage},

  author       = {Liu, Xiaobing and Spitler, Jeffrey D. and Qu, Ming and Shi, Liang},

  abstractNote = {Ground source (geothermal) heat pumps (GSHPs) can meet the thermal demands of buildings in an energy-efficient manner. The current high installation costs and long payback period limit the attractiveness of GSHP installation in the United States. Vertical borehole ground heat exchangers (VBGHEs), which are commonly used in GSHP systems, contribute most to the cost premium of GSHPs. Reducing the cost of VBGHEs could help increase market penetration of GSHP systems. This paper reviews recent developments for VBGHEs, including improvements in borehole heat transfer and borehole field layout, integration with thermal energy storage, and new design tools. Improvements in the borehole design and materials are more likely to be justified when the ground has high thermal conductivity. Integrating thermal energy storage can provide additional value to the GSHP system, especially when flexible electric demand at buildings becomes more valuable. Here, advanced design tools for VBGHEs that account for the thermal response of irregularly shaped borehole fields and that are more closely integrated with whole-building energy simulation programs may facilitate more innovations and optimization of GSHP system designs.},

  doi          = {10.1115/1.4050418},

  journal      = {Journal of Energy Resources Technology},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 143,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Wed Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract

Citation Formats

Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating journal, April 2020

Effects of a titanate coupling agent on the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of talc-reinforced polyethylene compounds journal, January 2014

An optimisation framework for thermal energy storage integration in a residential heat pump heating system journal, January 2017

Modeling of a Space Heating System Coupled with Underground Energy Storage journal, December 2018

Using duct storage (DST) model for irregular arrangements of borehole heat exchangers journal, January 2018

Application of artificial neural networks to near-instant construction of short-term g-functions journal, October 2018

Review of development from GSHP to UTES in China and other countries journal, August 2009

Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of high-density polyethylene modified with talc journal, January 2013

Weighted average of inlet and outlet temperatures in borehole heat exchangers journal, July 2016

Experimental investigation on using Al2O3/ethylene glycol-water nano-fluid in different types of horizontal ground heat exchangers journal, January 2020

Borehole heat exchanger with nanofluids as heat carrier journal, March 2018

Explicit multipole formulas and thermal network models for calculating thermal resistances of double U-pipe borehole heat exchangers journal, July 2019

Temperature response functions (G-functions) for single pile heat exchangers journal, August 2013

European project “Cheap-GSHPs”: installation and monitoring of newly designed helicoidal ground source heat exchanger on the German test site journal, February 2018

An Enhanced Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Model for Whole-Building Energy Simulation journal, August 2020

A novel shallow bore ground heat exchanger for ground source heat pump applications—Model development and validation journal, January 2020

Numerical investigation on thermal performance of ground heat exchangers using phase change materials as grout for ground source heat pump system journal, August 2016

Thermal performance of a conic basket heat exchanger coupled to a geothermal heat pump for greenhouse cooling under Tunisian climate journal, October 2015

Thermal evaluation of coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers journal, November 2016

The Performance of a High Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage District Heating System – Five Years of Operation journal, January 2012

A novel air-conditioning system for proactive power demand response to smart grid journal, September 2015

A semi-analytical method to generate g-functions for geothermal bore fields journal, March 2014

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A case study of underground thermal storage in a solar-ground coupled heat pump system for residential buildings journal, January 2009

Performance of heat pump integrated phase change material thermal storage for electric load shifting in building demand side management journal, May 2019

Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers journal, February 2017

An introduction of new features for conventional and hybrid GSHP simulations in eQUEST 3.7 journal, October 2015

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Analysis of the long-term thermal response of geothermal heat exchangers by means of asymptotic expansion techniques journal, November 2019

A revised capacitance resistance model for large diameter shallow bore ground heat exchanger journal, November 2019

Domestic demand-side management (DSM): Role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage (TES) systems journal, March 2013

Influence of talc fillers on bimodal polyethylene composites for ground heat exchangers journal, April 2020

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Strategic optimization of borehole heat exchanger field for seasonal geothermal heating and cooling journal, December 2014

A three-dimensional numerical investigation of a novel shallow bore ground heat exchanger integrated with phase change material journal, November 2019

Universal short time g* -functions: generation and application journal, August 2019

Experiences with a 3.3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source journal, January 1985

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Efficient g-function approximation with artificial neural networks for a varying number of boreholes on a regular or irregular layout journal, August 2019

Explicit Multipole Formulas for Calculating Thermal Resistance of Single U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers journal, January 2018

Optimal Sizing of Irregularly Arranged Boreholes Using Duct-Storage Model journal, August 2019

Design optimization of the borehole system for a plus-Energy kindergarten in Oslo, Norway journal, December 2018

Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating
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Effects of a titanate coupling agent on the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of talc-reinforced polyethylene compounds
journal, January 2014

An optimisation framework for thermal energy storage integration in a residential heat pump heating system
journal, January 2017

Modeling of a Space Heating System Coupled with Underground Energy Storage
journal, December 2018

Using duct storage (DST) model for irregular arrangements of borehole heat exchangers
journal, January 2018

Application of artificial neural networks to near-instant construction of short-term g-functions
journal, October 2018

Review of development from GSHP to UTES in China and other countries
journal, August 2009

Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of high-density polyethylene modified with talc
journal, January 2013

Weighted average of inlet and outlet temperatures in borehole heat exchangers
journal, July 2016

Experimental investigation on using Al2O3/ethylene glycol-water nano-fluid in different types of horizontal ground heat exchangers
journal, January 2020

Borehole heat exchanger with nanofluids as heat carrier
journal, March 2018

Explicit multipole formulas and thermal network models for calculating thermal resistances of double U-pipe borehole heat exchangers
journal, July 2019

Temperature response functions (G-functions) for single pile heat exchangers
journal, August 2013

European project “Cheap-GSHPs”: installation and monitoring of newly designed helicoidal ground source heat exchanger on the German test site
journal, February 2018

An Enhanced Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Model for Whole-Building Energy Simulation
journal, August 2020

A novel shallow bore ground heat exchanger for ground source heat pump applications—Model development and validation
journal, January 2020

Numerical investigation on thermal performance of ground heat exchangers using phase change materials as grout for ground source heat pump system
journal, August 2016

Thermal performance of a conic basket heat exchanger coupled to a geothermal heat pump for greenhouse cooling under Tunisian climate
journal, October 2015

Thermal evaluation of coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers
journal, November 2016

The Performance of a High Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage District Heating System – Five Years of Operation
journal, January 2012

A novel air-conditioning system for proactive power demand response to smart grid
journal, September 2015

A semi-analytical method to generate g-functions for geothermal bore fields
journal, March 2014

Validation of vertical ground heat exchanger design methodologies
journal, February 2015

A case study of underground thermal storage in a solar-ground coupled heat pump system for residential buildings
journal, January 2009

Performance of heat pump integrated phase change material thermal storage for electric load shifting in building demand side management
journal, May 2019

Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers
journal, February 2017

An introduction of new features for conventional and hybrid GSHP simulations in eQUEST 3.7
journal, October 2015

Semi-Analytical Method for g -Function Calculation of bore fields with series- and parallel-connected boreholes
journal, June 2019

Thermal Conductivity of Bentonite Grout Containing Graphite or Chopped Carbon Fibers
journal, July 2014

Heat recovery potential of mine water treatment systems in Great Britain
journal, July 2016

Analysis of the long-term thermal response of geothermal heat exchangers by means of asymptotic expansion techniques
journal, November 2019

A revised capacitance resistance model for large diameter shallow bore ground heat exchanger
journal, November 2019

Domestic demand-side management (DSM): Role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage (TES) systems
journal, March 2013

Influence of talc fillers on bimodal polyethylene composites for ground heat exchangers
journal, April 2020

Simulation Model for Thermally Interacting heat Extraction Boreholes
journal, March 1988

Strategic optimization of borehole heat exchanger field for seasonal geothermal heating and cooling
journal, December 2014

A three-dimensional numerical investigation of a novel shallow bore ground heat exchanger integrated with phase change material
journal, November 2019

Universal short time g* -functions: generation and application
journal, August 2019

Experiences with a 3.3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source
journal, January 1985

Experimental study of the separation performance of a novel sewage hydrocyclone used in sewage source heat pump
journal, August 2016

Efficient g-function approximation with artificial neural networks for a varying number of boreholes on a regular or irregular layout
journal, August 2019

Explicit Multipole Formulas for Calculating Thermal Resistance of Single U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers
journal, January 2018

Optimal Sizing of Irregularly Arranged Boreholes Using Duct-Storage Model
journal, August 2019

Design optimization of the borehole system for a plus-Energy kindergarten in Oslo, Norway
journal, December 2018