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Title: The nitrosoamphetamine metabolite is accommodated in the active site of human hemoglobin: Spectroscopy and crystal structure

Journal Article · · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

Amphetamine-based (Amph) drugs are metabolized in humans to their hydroxylamine (AmphNHOH) and nitroso (AmphNO) derivatives. The latter metabolites are known to bind to the Fe centers of cytochrome P450 and other heme enzymes to inhibit their activities. Although these AmphNHOH/AmphNO metabolites are present in vivo, their interactions with the blood protein hemoglobin (Hb) and the muscle protein (Mb) have been largely discounted due to a perception that the relatively small heme active sites of Hb and Mb will not be able to accommodate the large AmphNO group. Here, we report the 2.15 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the AmphNO adduct of adult human hemoglobin as the Hb [α-FeIII(H2O)][β-FeII(AmphNO)] derivative. We show that the binding of AmphNO to the β subunit is enabled by an E helix movement and stabilization of ligand binding by H-bonding with the distal His63 residue. We also observe an AmphNHOH group in the Xe2 pocket in close proximity to the α heme site in this derivative. Additionally, UV–vis spectroscopy was used to characterize this and related wt and mutant Mb adducts. Importantly, our X-ray crystal structure of this Hb-nitrosoamphetamine complex represents the first crystal structure of a wild-type heme protein adduct of any amphetamine metabolite. Our results provide a framework for further studies of AmphNHOH/AmphNO interactions with Hb and Mb as viable processes that potentially contribute to the overall biological inorganic chemistry of amphetamine drugs.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1777113
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--155174
Journal Information:
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Journal Name: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Vol. 213; ISSN 0162-0134
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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