Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon

Euser, Virginia Katherine; Williamson, Don Lee; Clarke, Amy Jean; Speer, John Gordon

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-263

Title: Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon

Abstract

Tempering reactions are critical to microstructure and property control in martensitic steels. Here, retained austenite decomposition and cementite precipitation are monitored using Mössbauer spectroscopy in 4340 and 300-M steel under conventional and rapid tempering conditions. Tempering times are compared at a constant tempered hardness by increasing tempering temperatures associated with short time conditions to achieve equivalent matrix softening to that of longer tempering times. Time-temperature combinations that provide equivalent tempered hardness generated microstructures with similar dislocation densities and cementite precipitation fractions; these mechanisms are controlled by self-diffusion. However, systematic differences in retained austenite content were observed at a given degree of softening, where shorter tempering times exhibited higher levels of retained austenite compared to more conventional conditions. At low temperatures, the differences in retained austenite preservation between explored time-temperature conditions are attributed to corresponding differences in carbon diffusion distance (in austenite), the controlling diffusional process of retained austenite decomposition. At higher temperatures, retained austenite decomposition exhibits C-curve kinetic behavior in 4340. Thus, reduced thermodynamic driving force for cementite and ferrite formation at higher temperature is believed to play a role in restricting retained austenite decomposition within some short-time, high temperature tempering regimes. The addition of silicon pushes cementite precipitation andmore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Williamson, Don Lee ^[2]; Clarke, Amy Jean ^[2]; Speer, John Gordon ^[2]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1774442

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-23093
Journal ID: ISSN 0915-1559

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ISIJ International

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 60; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0915-1559

Publisher:: J-STAGE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Rapid tempering; retained austenite; tempered martensite; cementite; silicon; rapid processing

Citation Formats


                    Euser, Virginia Katherine, Williamson, Don Lee, Clarke, Amy Jean, and Speer, John Gordon. Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-263.

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                    Euser, Virginia Katherine, Williamson, Don Lee, Clarke, Amy Jean, & Speer, John Gordon. Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-263

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                    Euser, Virginia Katherine, Williamson, Don Lee, Clarke, Amy Jean, and Speer, John Gordon. Tue .  
"Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-263.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1774442.

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@article{osti_1774442,

  title        = {Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon},

  author       = {Euser, Virginia Katherine and Williamson, Don Lee and Clarke, Amy Jean and Speer, John Gordon},

  abstractNote = {Tempering reactions are critical to microstructure and property control in martensitic steels. Here, retained austenite decomposition and cementite precipitation are monitored using Mössbauer spectroscopy in 4340 and 300-M steel under conventional and rapid tempering conditions. Tempering times are compared at a constant tempered hardness by increasing tempering temperatures associated with short time conditions to achieve equivalent matrix softening to that of longer tempering times. Time-temperature combinations that provide equivalent tempered hardness generated microstructures with similar dislocation densities and cementite precipitation fractions; these mechanisms are controlled by self-diffusion. However, systematic differences in retained austenite content were observed at a given degree of softening, where shorter tempering times exhibited higher levels of retained austenite compared to more conventional conditions. At low temperatures, the differences in retained austenite preservation between explored time-temperature conditions are attributed to corresponding differences in carbon diffusion distance (in austenite), the controlling diffusional process of retained austenite decomposition. At higher temperatures, retained austenite decomposition exhibits C-curve kinetic behavior in 4340. Thus, reduced thermodynamic driving force for cementite and ferrite formation at higher temperature is believed to play a role in restricting retained austenite decomposition within some short-time, high temperature tempering regimes. The addition of silicon pushes cementite precipitation and retained austenite decomposition to higher temperatures, although retained austenite decomposition is suppressed to a greater extent than cementite precipitation. Potential is illustrated for coupling rapid tempering with silicon alloying to produce appreciably tempered martensite (~490 HV) with relatively less retained austenite decomposition compared to conventional tempering conditions.},

  doi          = {10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-263},

  journal      = {ISIJ International},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 60,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Tue Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Limiting Retained Austenite Decomposition in Quenched and Tempered Steels: Influences of Rapid Tempering and Silicon

Abstract

Citation Formats

Martensite in steel: strength and structure journal, December 1999

Tempering of Lath Martensite in Low and Medium Carbon Steels: Assessment and Challenges journal, May 2017

The "quenching and partitioning" process: background and recent progress journal, December 2005

Critical Assessment 7: Quenching and partitioning journal, August 2014

Atomic and nanoscale chemical and structural changes in quenched and tempered 4340 steel journal, September 2014

Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in low-alloyed TRIP steels journal, December 2007

Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and work hardening of TRIP steels journal, May 2011

Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and tensile behaviour in an aluminum-alloyed TRIP steel journal, June 2015

Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Aluminum-containing Multiphase TRIP Steels. journal, January 2002

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The effect of morphology on the stability of retained austenite in a quenched and partitioned steel journal, March 2013

Effect of fresh martensite on the stability of retained austenite in quenching and partitioning steel journal, October 2014

Tempering of steel journal, May 1972

Diffusion coefficient of carbon in austenite journal, March 1950

Mechanisms of tempered martensite embrittlement in low alloy steels journal, August 1978

Retained Austenite and Tempered Martensite Embrittlement in Medium Carbon Steels journal, May 1983

Ultrahigh-strength steels for aerospace applications journal, May 1990

The effect of silicon on the nanoprecipitation of cementite journal, October 2013

Effect of partitioning of Mn and Si on the growth kinetics of cementite in tempered Fe–0.6 mass% C martensite journal, September 2007

Rapid Thermal Processing to Enhance Steel Toughness journal, January 2018

Effects of Short-Time Tempering on Impact Toughness, Strength, and Phase Evolution of 4340 Steel Within the Tempered Martensite Embrittlement Regime journal, May 2019

Tempered martensite embrittlement in SAE 4340 steel journal, November 1979

Tempered martensite embrittlement in Fe-Mo-C and Fe-W-C steel journal, July 1983

Rapid Tempering: Opportunities and Challenges journal, July 2020

Mössbauer study of iron carbides: Cementite (Fe, M)3C (M = Cr, Mn) with various manganese and chromium contents journal, February 1992

Mössbauer study of the distribution of carbon interstitiels in iron alloys and the isochronal kinetics of the aging of martensite: The clustering-ordering synergy journal, February 1990

Distribution of interstitials in fcc iron-carbon austenite: Monte Carlo simulations versus Mössbauer analysis journal, October 2002

Characterization of transition carbides in quench and partitioned steel microstructures by Mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary techniques journal, May 2015

Quantitative investigation into the influence of temperature on carbide and austenite evolution during partitioning of a quenched and partitioned steel journal, August 2016

Lattice parameters of iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites and austenites journal, March 1990

A study of the early stages of tempering in an Fe-1.2 Pct alloy journal, September 1979

A study of interstitial atom configuration in fresh and aged iron-carbon martensite by mossbauer spectroscopy journal, January 1982

Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study of the Carbide Precipitated at the First Stage of Tempering of Martensitic Medium Carbon Steel journal, January 1974

The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice journal, October 1999

An improved X-ray diffraction analysis method to characterize dislocation density in lath martensitic structures journal, July 2015

The influence of silicon in tempered martensite: Understanding the microstructure–properties relationship in 0.5–0.6wt.% C steels journal, April 2014

Strengthening mechanisms influenced by silicon content in high temperature tempered martensite and bainite journal, June 2020

Correlation of Yield Strength and Tensile Strength with Hardness for Steels journal, April 2008

Predicting the mechanical properties of a quenched and tempered steel thanks to a “tempering parameter” journal, July 2010

The Role of Elasticity in Hardness Testing journal, November 2012

The tempering of iron- carbon martensite; dilatometric and calorimetric analysis journal, October 1988

Improvement of Kryukov and Zhukhovitskii method for measurement of diffusion. Application to self-diffusion in alpha iron journal, April 1968

Kinetics of Materials book, September 2005

Application of non-isothermal dilatometry for evaluation of kinetic parameters in non-reversing reactions journal, February 1989

Separation of overlapping retained austenite decomposition and cementite precipitation reactions during tempering of martensitic steel by means of thermal analysis journal, November 2011

Microstructural and Dilatational Changes during Tempering and Tempering Kinetics in Martensitic Medium-Carbon Steel journal, January 2009

Differential thermal analysis of iron-carbon martensites journal, November 1982

A study of the early stages of tempering of iron-carbon martensites by atom probe field ion microscopy journal, July 1981

The effect of the first and second stages of tempering on microcracking in martensite of an Fe-1.22 C alloy journal, December 1976

Influence of silicon on cementite precipitation in steels journal, March 2008

The Constitution of Carob Gum journal, October 1948

APFIM studies on martensite tempering of Fe-C-Si-Mn low alloy steel journal, April 1993

Atom probe field ion microscopy study of the partitioning of substitutional elements during tempering of a low-alloy steel martensite journal, March 1994

The partitioning of substitutional solute elements during the tempering of martensite in Cr and Mo containing steels journal, March 1995

An atom probe study of cementite precipitation in autotempered martensite in an FeMnC alloy journal, March 1996

Carbide precipitation in martensite during the early stages of tempering Cr- andMo-containing low alloy steels journal, March 1998

Self diffusion in iron journal, May 1961

Partitioning of carbon from supersaturated plates of ferrite, with application to steel processing and fundamentals of the bainite transformation journal, June 2004

Thermal stability of austenite retained in bainitic steels journal, March 2010

Thermal stability of retained austenite in bainitic steel: an in situ study journal, June 2011

Retained austenite thermal stability in a nanostructured bainitic steel journal, July 2013

Effects of Volume Fraction and Stability of Retained Austenite on Ductility of TRIP-aided Dual-phase Steels. journal, January 1992

Austenite Stability Effects on Tensile Behavior of Manganese-Enriched-Austenite Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel journal, April 2011

Martensite in steel: strength and structure
journal, December 1999

Tempering of Lath Martensite in Low and Medium Carbon Steels: Assessment and Challenges
journal, May 2017

The "quenching and partitioning" process: background and recent progress
journal, December 2005

Critical Assessment 7: Quenching and partitioning
journal, August 2014

Atomic and nanoscale chemical and structural changes in quenched and tempered 4340 steel
journal, September 2014

Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in low-alloyed TRIP steels
journal, December 2007

Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and work hardening of TRIP steels
journal, May 2011

Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and tensile behaviour in an aluminum-alloyed TRIP steel
journal, June 2015

Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Aluminum-containing Multiphase TRIP Steels.
journal, January 2002

Carbon partitioning into austenite after martensite transformation
journal, May 2003

Thermal Stability of Austenite and Properties of Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) Treated AHSS
journal, January 2013

The effect of morphology on the stability of retained austenite in a quenched and partitioned steel
journal, March 2013

Effect of fresh martensite on the stability of retained austenite in quenching and partitioning steel
journal, October 2014

Tempering of steel
journal, May 1972

Diffusion coefficient of carbon in austenite
journal, March 1950

Mechanisms of tempered martensite embrittlement in low alloy steels
journal, August 1978

Retained Austenite and Tempered Martensite Embrittlement in Medium Carbon Steels
journal, May 1983

Ultrahigh-strength steels for aerospace applications
journal, May 1990

The effect of silicon on the nanoprecipitation of cementite
journal, October 2013

Effect of partitioning of Mn and Si on the growth kinetics of cementite in tempered Fe–0.6 mass% C martensite
journal, September 2007

Rapid Thermal Processing to Enhance Steel Toughness
journal, January 2018

Effects of Short-Time Tempering on Impact Toughness, Strength, and Phase Evolution of 4340 Steel Within the Tempered Martensite Embrittlement Regime
journal, May 2019

Tempered martensite embrittlement in SAE 4340 steel
journal, November 1979

Tempered martensite embrittlement in Fe-Mo-C and Fe-W-C steel
journal, July 1983

Rapid Tempering: Opportunities and Challenges
journal, July 2020

Mössbauer study of iron carbides: Cementite (Fe, M)3C (M = Cr, Mn) with various manganese and chromium contents
journal, February 1992

Mössbauer study of the distribution of carbon interstitiels in iron alloys and the isochronal kinetics of the aging of martensite: The clustering-ordering synergy
journal, February 1990

Distribution of interstitials in fcc iron-carbon austenite: Monte Carlo simulations versus Mössbauer analysis
journal, October 2002

Characterization of transition carbides in quench and partitioned steel microstructures by Mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary techniques
journal, May 2015

Quantitative investigation into the influence of temperature on carbide and austenite evolution during partitioning of a quenched and partitioned steel
journal, August 2016

Lattice parameters of iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites and austenites
journal, March 1990

A study of the early stages of tempering in an Fe-1.2 Pct alloy
journal, September 1979

A study of interstitial atom configuration in fresh and aged iron-carbon martensite by mossbauer spectroscopy
journal, January 1982

Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study of the Carbide Precipitated at the First Stage of Tempering of Martensitic Medium Carbon Steel
journal, January 1974

The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice
journal, October 1999

An improved X-ray diffraction analysis method to characterize dislocation density in lath martensitic structures
journal, July 2015

The influence of silicon in tempered martensite: Understanding the microstructure–properties relationship in 0.5–0.6wt.% C steels
journal, April 2014

Strengthening mechanisms influenced by silicon content in high temperature tempered martensite and bainite
journal, June 2020

Correlation of Yield Strength and Tensile Strength with Hardness for Steels
journal, April 2008

Predicting the mechanical properties of a quenched and tempered steel thanks to a “tempering parameter”
journal, July 2010

The Role of Elasticity in Hardness Testing
journal, November 2012

The tempering of iron- carbon martensite; dilatometric and calorimetric analysis
journal, October 1988

Improvement of Kryukov and Zhukhovitskii method for measurement of diffusion. Application to self-diffusion in alpha iron
journal, April 1968

Kinetics of Materials
book, September 2005

Application of non-isothermal dilatometry for evaluation of kinetic parameters in non-reversing reactions
journal, February 1989

Separation of overlapping retained austenite decomposition and cementite precipitation reactions during tempering of martensitic steel by means of thermal analysis
journal, November 2011

Microstructural and Dilatational Changes during Tempering and Tempering Kinetics in Martensitic Medium-Carbon Steel
journal, January 2009

Differential thermal analysis of iron-carbon martensites
journal, November 1982

A study of the early stages of tempering of iron-carbon martensites by atom probe field ion microscopy
journal, July 1981

The effect of the first and second stages of tempering on microcracking in martensite of an Fe-1.22 C alloy
journal, December 1976

Influence of silicon on cementite precipitation in steels
journal, March 2008

The Constitution of Carob Gum
journal, October 1948

APFIM studies on martensite tempering of Fe-C-Si-Mn low alloy steel
journal, April 1993

Atom probe field ion microscopy study of the partitioning of substitutional elements during tempering of a low-alloy steel martensite
journal, March 1994

The partitioning of substitutional solute elements during the tempering of martensite in Cr and Mo containing steels
journal, March 1995

An atom probe study of cementite precipitation in autotempered martensite in an FeMnC alloy
journal, March 1996

Carbide precipitation in martensite during the early stages of tempering Cr- andMo-containing low alloy steels
journal, March 1998

Self diffusion in iron
journal, May 1961

Partitioning of carbon from supersaturated plates of ferrite, with application to steel processing and fundamentals of the bainite transformation
journal, June 2004

Thermal stability of austenite retained in bainitic steels
journal, March 2010

Thermal stability of retained austenite in bainitic steel: an in situ study
journal, June 2011

Retained austenite thermal stability in a nanostructured bainitic steel
journal, July 2013

Effects of Volume Fraction and Stability of Retained Austenite on Ductility of TRIP-aided Dual-phase Steels.
journal, January 1992

Austenite Stability Effects on Tensile Behavior of Manganese-Enriched-Austenite Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel
journal, April 2011