Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X)
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA-binding protein FUS cause familial amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several mutations that affect the proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) of FUS cause severe juvenile ALS. FUS also undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to accumulate in stress granules when cells are stressed. In unstressed cells, wild type FUS resides predominantly in the nucleus as it is imported by the importin Karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2), which binds with high affinity to the C-terminal PY-NLS of FUS. Here, we analyze the interactions between two ALS-related variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X) with importins, especially Kapβ2, since they are still partially localized to the nucleus despite their defective/missing PY-NLSs. The crystal structure of the Kapβ2·FUS(P525L)PY-NLS complex shows the mutant peptide making fewer contacts at the mutation site, explaining decreased affinity for Kapβ2. Biochemical analysis revealed that the truncated FUS(R495X) protein, although missing the PY-NLS, can still bind Kapβ2 and suppresses LLPS. FUS(R495X) uses its C-terminal tandem arginine-glycine-glycine regions, RGG2 and RGG3, to bind the PY-NLS binding site of Kapβ2 for nuclear localization in cells when arginine methylation is inhibited. These findings suggest the importance of the C-terminal RGG regions in nuclear import and LLPS regulation of ALS variants of FUS that carry defective PY-NLSs.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (United States)
- Ritsumeikan University, Shiga (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); Welch Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1772764
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; R01GM069909; I-1532; JP19K16060; JP19dm0307032
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; biochemistry; biophysics; diseases; molecular biology; structural biology
Citation Formats
Gonzalez, Abner, Mannen, Taro, Çağatay, Tolga, Fujiwara, Ayano, Matsumura, Hiroyoshi, Niesman, Ashley B., Brautigam, Chad A., Chook, Yuh Min, and Yoshizawa, Takuya. Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X). United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83196-y.
Gonzalez, Abner, Mannen, Taro, Çağatay, Tolga, Fujiwara, Ayano, Matsumura, Hiroyoshi, Niesman, Ashley B., Brautigam, Chad A., Chook, Yuh Min, & Yoshizawa, Takuya. Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X). United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83196-y
Gonzalez, Abner, Mannen, Taro, Çağatay, Tolga, Fujiwara, Ayano, Matsumura, Hiroyoshi, Niesman, Ashley B., Brautigam, Chad A., Chook, Yuh Min, and Yoshizawa, Takuya. Fri .
"Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83196-y. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1772764.
@article{osti_1772764,
title = {Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X)},
author = {Gonzalez, Abner and Mannen, Taro and Çağatay, Tolga and Fujiwara, Ayano and Matsumura, Hiroyoshi and Niesman, Ashley B. and Brautigam, Chad A. and Chook, Yuh Min and Yoshizawa, Takuya},
abstractNote = {Mutations in the RNA-binding protein FUS cause familial amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several mutations that affect the proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) of FUS cause severe juvenile ALS. FUS also undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to accumulate in stress granules when cells are stressed. In unstressed cells, wild type FUS resides predominantly in the nucleus as it is imported by the importin Karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2), which binds with high affinity to the C-terminal PY-NLS of FUS. Here, we analyze the interactions between two ALS-related variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X) with importins, especially Kapβ2, since they are still partially localized to the nucleus despite their defective/missing PY-NLSs. The crystal structure of the Kapβ2·FUS(P525L)PY-NLS complex shows the mutant peptide making fewer contacts at the mutation site, explaining decreased affinity for Kapβ2. Biochemical analysis revealed that the truncated FUS(R495X) protein, although missing the PY-NLS, can still bind Kapβ2 and suppresses LLPS. FUS(R495X) uses its C-terminal tandem arginine-glycine-glycine regions, RGG2 and RGG3, to bind the PY-NLS binding site of Kapβ2 for nuclear localization in cells when arginine methylation is inhibited. These findings suggest the importance of the C-terminal RGG regions in nuclear import and LLPS regulation of ALS variants of FUS that carry defective PY-NLSs.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-83196-y},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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