Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter

Ofiti, Nicholas O. E.; Zosso, Cyrill U.; Soong, Jennifer L.; Solly, Emily F.; Torn, Margaret S.; Wiesenberg, Guido L. B.; Schmidt, Michael W. I.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108185

Title: Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter

Abstract

Increasing global temperatures have the potential to stimulate decomposition and alter the composition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, questions remain about the extent to which SOM quality and quantity along the soil profile may change under future warming. In this study we assessed how +4 °C whole-soil warming affected the quantity and quality of SOM down to 90 cm depth in a mixed-coniferous temperate forest using biomarker analyses. Our findings indicate that 4.5 years of soil warming led to divergent responses in subsoils (>20 cm) as compared to surface soils. Warming enhanced the accumulation of plant-derived n-alkanes over the whole soil profile. In the subsoil, this was at the expense of plant- and microorganism-derived fatty acids, and the relative abundance of SOM molecular components shifted from less microbially transformed to more transformed organic matter. Fine root mass declined by 24.0 ± 7.5% with warming over the whole soil profile, accompanied by reduced plant-derived inputs and accelerated decomposition of aromatic compounds and plant-derived fatty acids in the subsoils. Our study suggests that warming accelerated microbial decomposition of plant-derived inputs, leaving behind more degraded organic matter. The non-uniform, and depth dependent SOM composition and warming response implies that subsoil carbon cyclingmore »« less

Authors:: Ofiti, Nicholas O. E.; Zosso, Cyrill U.; Soong, Jennifer L.; Solly, Emily F.; Torn, Margaret S.; Wiesenberg, Guido L. B.; Schmidt, Michael W. I.

Publication Date:: Sat May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 1766654

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1813383

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0001234

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Soil Biology and Biochemistry Journal Volume: 156 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0038-0717

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; whole soil warming; deep soil organic matter; biomarker; alkanes; fatty acids; decomposition

Citation Formats


                    Ofiti, Nicholas O. E., Zosso, Cyrill U., Soong, Jennifer L., Solly, Emily F., Torn, Margaret S., Wiesenberg, Guido L. B., and Schmidt, Michael W. I. Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108185.

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                    Ofiti, Nicholas O. E., Zosso, Cyrill U., Soong, Jennifer L., Solly, Emily F., Torn, Margaret S., Wiesenberg, Guido L. B., & Schmidt, Michael W. I. Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108185

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                    Ofiti, Nicholas O. E., Zosso, Cyrill U., Soong, Jennifer L., Solly, Emily F., Torn, Margaret S., Wiesenberg, Guido L. B., and Schmidt, Michael W. I. Sat .  
"Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108185.

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@article{osti_1766654,

  title        = {Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter},

  author       = {Ofiti, Nicholas O. E. and Zosso, Cyrill U. and Soong, Jennifer L. and Solly, Emily F. and Torn, Margaret S. and Wiesenberg, Guido L. B. and Schmidt, Michael W. I.},

  abstractNote = {Increasing global temperatures have the potential to stimulate decomposition and alter the composition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, questions remain about the extent to which SOM quality and quantity along the soil profile may change under future warming. In this study we assessed how +4 °C whole-soil warming affected the quantity and quality of SOM down to 90 cm depth in a mixed-coniferous temperate forest using biomarker analyses. Our findings indicate that 4.5 years of soil warming led to divergent responses in subsoils (>20 cm) as compared to surface soils. Warming enhanced the accumulation of plant-derived n-alkanes over the whole soil profile. In the subsoil, this was at the expense of plant- and microorganism-derived fatty acids, and the relative abundance of SOM molecular components shifted from less microbially transformed to more transformed organic matter. Fine root mass declined by 24.0 ± 7.5% with warming over the whole soil profile, accompanied by reduced plant-derived inputs and accelerated decomposition of aromatic compounds and plant-derived fatty acids in the subsoils. Our study suggests that warming accelerated microbial decomposition of plant-derived inputs, leaving behind more degraded organic matter. The non-uniform, and depth dependent SOM composition and warming response implies that subsoil carbon cycling is as sensitive and complex as in surface soils.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108185},

  journal      = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 156,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Sat May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Sat May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived organic matter

Abstract

Citation Formats

A method for experimental heating of intact soil profiles for application to climate change experiments: EXPERIMENTAL HEATING OF INTACT SOIL PROFILES journal, January 2011

The macromolecular organic composition of plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter journal, February 2002

Diagenesis of free and bound lipids in terrestrial detritus deposited in a lacustrine sediment journal, September 1981

14C evidence that millennial and fast-cycling soil carbon are equally sensitive to warming journal, May 2019

Elevated CO2 and elevated temperature have no effect on Douglas-fir fine-root dynamics in nitrogen-poor soil journal, April 2006

FTIR spectroscopy can be used as a screening tool for organic matter quality in regenerating cutover peatlands journal, February 2008

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline journal, May 2017

The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming journal, March 2017

Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production, mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: implications for ecosystem C cycling journal, April 2010

Lateral and depth variation of loess organic matter overprint related to rhizoliths — Revealed by lipid molecular proxies and X-ray tomography journal, January 2014

Above- and below-ground responses of four tundra plant functional types to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization journal, January 2017

Predicting soil carbon loss with warming journal, February 2018

Fine Root Growth and Vertical Distribution in Response to Elevated CO2, Warming and Drought in a Mixed Heathland–Grassland journal, March 2017

Vertical distribution, age, and chemical composition of organic carbon in two forest soils of different pedogenesis journal, October 2002

Opportunities and limitations related to the application of plant-derived lipid molecular proxies in soil science journal, January 2017

Experimentally increased nutrient availability at the permafrost thaw front selectively enhances biomass production of deep-rooting subarctic peatland species journal, July 2017

Little effects on soil organic matter chemistry of density fractions after seven years of forest soil warming journal, December 2016

Rhizosphere priming effect: A meta-analysis journal, August 2017

Carbon transfer from maize roots and litter into bacteria and fungi depends on soil depth and time journal, February 2016

Source determination of lipids in bulk soil and soil density fractions after four years of wheat cropping journal, May 2010

Fine Roots vs. Needles: A Comparison of 13C and 15N Dynamics in a Ponderosa Pine Forest Soil journal, July 2006

Degradation and Preservation of Vascular Plant-derived Biomarkers in Grassland and Forest Soils from Western Canada journal, June 2005

Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world journal, October 2017

Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change journal, July 2016

The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments journal, October 2000

Are land use and short time climate change effective on soil carbon compositions and their relationships with soil properties in alpine grassland ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau? journal, June 2018

Characterization of Humic Acids, Composts, and Peat by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy journal, January 1992

Carbon Isotope Ratios in Belowground Carbon Cycle Processes journal, April 2000

Tracing the sources and spatial distribution of organic carbon in subsoils using a multi-biomarker approach journal, July 2016

A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change journal, August 2019

Artificial climate warming positively affects arbuscular mycorrhizae but decreases soil aggregate water stability in an annual grassland journal, April 2002

Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change journal, March 2006

Occurrence, distribution and fate of the lipid plant biopolymers cutin and suberin in temperate forest soils journal, September 1993

Microbial carbon limitation: The need for integrating microorganisms into our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling journal, April 2020

Acclimation of Fine Root Systems to Soil Warming: Comparison of an Experimental Setup and a Natural Soil Temperature Gradient journal, July 2018

Pathways of mineral‐associated soil organic matter formation: Integrating the role of plant carbon source, chemistry, and point of entry journal, November 2018

The contentious nature of soil organic matter journal, November 2015

Root litter decomposition slows with soil depth journal, October 2018

Elucidating the chemical structure of pyrogenic organic matter by combining magnetic resonance, mid-infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry journal, October 2012

Responses of surface SOC to long-term experimental warming vary between different heath types in the high Arctic tundra journal, January 2020

Mineral Assemblage and Aggregates Control Carbon Dynamics in a California Conifer Forest journal, January 2005

Hydrocarbon constituents of the wax coatings of plant leaves: A taxonomic survey journal, April 1962

Molecular-level methods for monitoring soil organic matter responses to global climate change journal, January 2011

Increased cuticular carbon sequestration and lignin oxidation in response to soil warming journal, November 2008

Two decades of warming increases diversity of a potentially lignolytic bacterial community journal, May 2015

Soil warming and nitrogen deposition alter soil organic matter composition at the molecular-level journal, February 2015

Boreal forest biomass accumulation is not increased by two decades of soil warming journal, December 2018

How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils? journal, February 2008

Changes in substrate availability drive carbon cycle response to chronic warming journal, July 2017

Warming alters fungal communities and litter chemistry with implications for soil carbon stocks journal, May 2019

Stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers controlled by fresh carbon supply journal, November 2007

Application of diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression to predict NMR properties of soil organic matter journal, December 2005

Effects of fungal degradation on the CuO oxidation products of lignin: A controlled laboratory study journal, November 1988

Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models journal, May 2004

CO2 enrichment and warming of the atmosphere enhance both productivity and mortality of maple tree fine roots journal, May 2004

Increased ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance after long-term fertilization and warming of two arctic tundra ecosystems journal, July 2006

Responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to experimental warming: a meta-analysis journal, March 2013

Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stocks in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem journal, April 2020

A method for experimental heating of intact soil profiles for application to climate change experiments: EXPERIMENTAL HEATING OF INTACT SOIL PROFILES
journal, January 2011

The macromolecular organic composition of plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter
journal, February 2002

Diagenesis of free and bound lipids in terrestrial detritus deposited in a lacustrine sediment
journal, September 1981

14C evidence that millennial and fast-cycling soil carbon are equally sensitive to warming
journal, May 2019

Elevated CO2 and elevated temperature have no effect on Douglas-fir fine-root dynamics in nitrogen-poor soil
journal, April 2006

FTIR spectroscopy can be used as a screening tool for organic matter quality in regenerating cutover peatlands
journal, February 2008

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline
journal, May 2017

The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming
journal, March 2017

Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production, mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: implications for ecosystem C cycling
journal, April 2010

Lateral and depth variation of loess organic matter overprint related to rhizoliths — Revealed by lipid molecular proxies and X-ray tomography
journal, January 2014

Above- and below-ground responses of four tundra plant functional types to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization
journal, January 2017

Predicting soil carbon loss with warming
journal, February 2018

Fine Root Growth and Vertical Distribution in Response to Elevated CO2, Warming and Drought in a Mixed Heathland–Grassland
journal, March 2017

Vertical distribution, age, and chemical composition of organic carbon in two forest soils of different pedogenesis
journal, October 2002

Opportunities and limitations related to the application of plant-derived lipid molecular proxies in soil science
journal, January 2017

Experimentally increased nutrient availability at the permafrost thaw front selectively enhances biomass production of deep-rooting subarctic peatland species
journal, July 2017

Little effects on soil organic matter chemistry of density fractions after seven years of forest soil warming
journal, December 2016

Rhizosphere priming effect: A meta-analysis
journal, August 2017

Carbon transfer from maize roots and litter into bacteria and fungi depends on soil depth and time
journal, February 2016

Source determination of lipids in bulk soil and soil density fractions after four years of wheat cropping
journal, May 2010

Fine Roots vs. Needles: A Comparison of 13C and 15N Dynamics in a Ponderosa Pine Forest Soil
journal, July 2006

Degradation and Preservation of Vascular Plant-derived Biomarkers in Grassland and Forest Soils from Western Canada
journal, June 2005

Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world
journal, October 2017

Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change
journal, July 2016

The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments
journal, October 2000

Are land use and short time climate change effective on soil carbon compositions and their relationships with soil properties in alpine grassland ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau?
journal, June 2018

Characterization of Humic Acids, Composts, and Peat by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, January 1992

Carbon Isotope Ratios in Belowground Carbon Cycle Processes
journal, April 2000

Tracing the sources and spatial distribution of organic carbon in subsoils using a multi-biomarker approach
journal, July 2016

A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change
journal, August 2019

Artificial climate warming positively affects arbuscular mycorrhizae but decreases soil aggregate water stability in an annual grassland
journal, April 2002

Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
journal, March 2006

Occurrence, distribution and fate of the lipid plant biopolymers cutin and suberin in temperate forest soils
journal, September 1993

Microbial carbon limitation: The need for integrating microorganisms into our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling
journal, April 2020

Acclimation of Fine Root Systems to Soil Warming: Comparison of an Experimental Setup and a Natural Soil Temperature Gradient
journal, July 2018

Pathways of mineral‐associated soil organic matter formation: Integrating the role of plant carbon source, chemistry, and point of entry
journal, November 2018

The contentious nature of soil organic matter
journal, November 2015

Root litter decomposition slows with soil depth
journal, October 2018

Elucidating the chemical structure of pyrogenic organic matter by combining magnetic resonance, mid-infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
journal, October 2012

Responses of surface SOC to long-term experimental warming vary between different heath types in the high Arctic tundra
journal, January 2020

Mineral Assemblage and Aggregates Control Carbon Dynamics in a California Conifer Forest
journal, January 2005

Hydrocarbon constituents of the wax coatings of plant leaves: A taxonomic survey
journal, April 1962

Molecular-level methods for monitoring soil organic matter responses to global climate change
journal, January 2011

Increased cuticular carbon sequestration and lignin oxidation in response to soil warming
journal, November 2008

Two decades of warming increases diversity of a potentially lignolytic bacterial community
journal, May 2015

Soil warming and nitrogen deposition alter soil organic matter composition at the molecular-level
journal, February 2015

Boreal forest biomass accumulation is not increased by two decades of soil warming
journal, December 2018

How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils?
journal, February 2008

Changes in substrate availability drive carbon cycle response to chronic warming
journal, July 2017

Warming alters fungal communities and litter chemistry with implications for soil carbon stocks
journal, May 2019

Stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers controlled by fresh carbon supply
journal, November 2007

Application of diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression to predict NMR properties of soil organic matter
journal, December 2005

Effects of fungal degradation on the CuO oxidation products of lignin: A controlled laboratory study
journal, November 1988

Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models
journal, May 2004

CO2 enrichment and warming of the atmosphere enhance both productivity and mortality of maple tree fine roots
journal, May 2004

Increased ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance after long-term fertilization and warming of two arctic tundra ecosystems
journal, July 2006

Responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to experimental warming: a meta-analysis
journal, March 2013

Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stocks in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem
journal, April 2020