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Title: Approximation Framework of Embodied Energy of Safety: Insights and Analysis

Abstract

Transportation safety, as a critical component of an efficient and reliable transportation system, has been extensively studied with respect to societal economic impacts by transportation agencies and policy officials. However, the embodied energy impact of safety, other than induced congestion, is lacking in studies. This research proposes an energy equivalence of safety (EES) framework to provide a holistic view of the long-term energy and fuel consequences of motor vehicle crashes, incorporating both induced congestion and impacts from lost human productivity resulting from injury and fatal accidents and the energy content resulting from all consequences and activities from a crash. The method utilizes a ratio of gross domestic product (GDP) to national energy consumed in a framework that bridges the gap between safety and energy, leveraging extensive studies of the economic impact of motor vehicle crashes. The energy costs per fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO) crashes in gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) in 2017 were found to be 200,259, 4442, and 439, respectively, which are significantly greater than impacts from induced congestion alone. The results from the motor vehicle crash data show a decreasing trend of EES per crash type from 2010 and 2017, due primarily in part to a decreasing ratiomore » of total energy consumed to GDP over those years. In addition to the temporal analysis, we conducted a spatial analysis addressing national-, state-, and local-level EES comparisons by using the proposed framework, illustrating its applicability.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1670157
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5400-77993
Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073; MainId:31902;UUID:6996f94e-1194-421a-94c8-0e7ef47c4ea7;MainAdminID:18619
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Energies
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073
Publisher:
MDPI
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS; embodied energy; energy equivalence of safety; energy productivity; motor vehicle crash

Citation Formats

Zhong, Zijia, Zhu, Lei, and Young, Stanley. Approximation Framework of Embodied Energy of Safety: Insights and Analysis. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.3390/en13164230.
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Zhong, Zijia, Zhu, Lei, & Young, Stanley. Approximation Framework of Embodied Energy of Safety: Insights and Analysis. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164230
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Zhong, Zijia, Zhu, Lei, and Young, Stanley. Sun . "Approximation Framework of Embodied Energy of Safety: Insights and Analysis". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164230. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1670157.
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@article{osti_1670157,
title = {Approximation Framework of Embodied Energy of Safety: Insights and Analysis},
author = {Zhong, Zijia and Zhu, Lei and Young, Stanley},
abstractNote = {Transportation safety, as a critical component of an efficient and reliable transportation system, has been extensively studied with respect to societal economic impacts by transportation agencies and policy officials. However, the embodied energy impact of safety, other than induced congestion, is lacking in studies. This research proposes an energy equivalence of safety (EES) framework to provide a holistic view of the long-term energy and fuel consequences of motor vehicle crashes, incorporating both induced congestion and impacts from lost human productivity resulting from injury and fatal accidents and the energy content resulting from all consequences and activities from a crash. The method utilizes a ratio of gross domestic product (GDP) to national energy consumed in a framework that bridges the gap between safety and energy, leveraging extensive studies of the economic impact of motor vehicle crashes. The energy costs per fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO) crashes in gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) in 2017 were found to be 200,259, 4442, and 439, respectively, which are significantly greater than impacts from induced congestion alone. The results from the motor vehicle crash data show a decreasing trend of EES per crash type from 2010 and 2017, due primarily in part to a decreasing ratio of total energy consumed to GDP over those years. In addition to the temporal analysis, we conducted a spatial analysis addressing national-, state-, and local-level EES comparisons by using the proposed framework, illustrating its applicability.},
doi = {10.3390/en13164230},
journal = {Energies},
number = 16,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Sun Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164230
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Figures / Tables:

Table 1 Table 1: Crash cost classification by HSM.
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    Figures / Tables found in this record:

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