3D printed transparent ceramic YAG laser rods: Matching the core-clad refractive index
Abstract
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) solid state laser gain media rods with an active Neodymium-doped core and an optically-clear cladding region were additively manufactured via direct-ink-writing (DIW), followed by sintering and hot isostatic pressing to form fully dense optical ceramics. Lutetium and Gadolinium were chosen as optically-inert co-doping ions in the clad to match the increase in refractive index caused by the Neodymium in the core. Additionally, either 11.6% Lutetium or 3.8% Gadolinium can be used to match the index change from 2% neodymium; however, differences in diffusion distances across the core-clad interface lead to large fluctuations in index in that region. These index fluctuations can be minimized either by matching dopants with similar diffusion distances, or by implementing a gradual gradient in the doping profile, possible through DIW, rather than a sharp compositional interface attainable via more standard fabrication methods. This improvement in index homogeneity resulted in a 40% improvement in lasing performance compared with that of a core-clad rod fabricated with a sharp interface between the doped and undoped regions.
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1662046
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1811057
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-810284
Journal ID: ISSN 0925-3467; 1016170
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 16-SI-03
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Optical Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 107; Journal ID: ISSN 0925-3467
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Transparent ceramic; YAG; laser rod; additive manufacturing; refractive index
Citation Formats
Seeley, Z., Yee, T., Cherepy, N., Drobshoff, A., Herrera, O., Ryerson, R., and Payne, S. A. 3D printed transparent ceramic YAG laser rods: Matching the core-clad refractive index. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110121.
Seeley, Z., Yee, T., Cherepy, N., Drobshoff, A., Herrera, O., Ryerson, R., & Payne, S. A. 3D printed transparent ceramic YAG laser rods: Matching the core-clad refractive index. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110121
Seeley, Z., Yee, T., Cherepy, N., Drobshoff, A., Herrera, O., Ryerson, R., and Payne, S. A. Tue .
"3D printed transparent ceramic YAG laser rods: Matching the core-clad refractive index". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110121. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1662046.
@article{osti_1662046,
title = {3D printed transparent ceramic YAG laser rods: Matching the core-clad refractive index},
author = {Seeley, Z. and Yee, T. and Cherepy, N. and Drobshoff, A. and Herrera, O. and Ryerson, R. and Payne, S. A.},
abstractNote = {Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) solid state laser gain media rods with an active Neodymium-doped core and an optically-clear cladding region were additively manufactured via direct-ink-writing (DIW), followed by sintering and hot isostatic pressing to form fully dense optical ceramics. Lutetium and Gadolinium were chosen as optically-inert co-doping ions in the clad to match the increase in refractive index caused by the Neodymium in the core. Additionally, either 11.6% Lutetium or 3.8% Gadolinium can be used to match the index change from 2% neodymium; however, differences in diffusion distances across the core-clad interface lead to large fluctuations in index in that region. These index fluctuations can be minimized either by matching dopants with similar diffusion distances, or by implementing a gradual gradient in the doping profile, possible through DIW, rather than a sharp compositional interface attainable via more standard fabrication methods. This improvement in index homogeneity resulted in a 40% improvement in lasing performance compared with that of a core-clad rod fabricated with a sharp interface between the doped and undoped regions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110121},
journal = {Optical Materials},
number = ,
volume = 107,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Tue Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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