Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Banerjee, B.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; González, J. Becerra; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L. K.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colin, U.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D’Elia, V.; Vela, P. Da; Dazzi, F.; Angelis, A. De; Lotto, B. De; Puppo, F. Del; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Depaoli, D.; Pierro, F. Di; Venere, L. Di; Souto Espiñeira, E. Do; Prester, D. Dominis; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Fattorini, A.; Ferrara, G.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; López, R. García; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jouvin, L.; Kajiwara, Y.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Mender, S.; Mićanović, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Neustroev, V.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Ninci, D.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nogués, L.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletić, L.; Peñil, P.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Moroni, P. Prada; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Torres-Albà, N.; Tosti, L.; Scherpenberg, J. van; Vanzo, G.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Zarić, D.; Collaboration), (MAGIC; Petropoulou, M.; Finke, J.; D’Ammando, F.; Baloković, M.; Madejski, G.; Mori, K.; Puccetti, Simonetta; Leto, C.; Perri, M.; Verrecchia, F.; Villata, M.; Raiteri, C. M.; Agudo, I.; Bachev, R.; Berdyugin, A.; Blinov, D. A.; Chanishvili, R.; Chen, W. P.; Chigladze, R.; Damljanovic, G.; Eswaraiah, C.; Grishina, T. S.; Ibryamov, S.; Jordan, B.; Jorstad, S. G.; Joshi, M.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Larionova, E. G.; Larionova, L. V.; Larionov, V. M.; Latev, G.; Lin, H. C.; Marscher, A. P.; Mokrushina, A. A.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Semkov, E.; Smith, P. S.; Strigachev, A.; Troitskaya, Yu. V.; Troitsky, I. S.; Vince, O.; Barnes, J.; Güver, T.; Moody, J. W.; Sadun, A. C.; Hovatta, T.; Richards, J. L.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Readhead, A. S.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Tornikoski, M.; Tammi, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Reinthal, R.

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5

Title: Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Abstract

Here we report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3–7 keV, 7–30 keV, and 30–80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2–0.4 TeV, 0.4–0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energymore »« less

Authors:

;

; Bellizzi, L. K.;

;

; Besenrieder, J.;

;

(MAGIC

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Org.:: MAGIC Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1647637

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 80NSSC18K1745; S-15633Y; NNX14AQ07H; NNX12AO90G; NNX14AQ58G; AST-0808050; AST-1109911

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online); Journal Volume: 248; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4365

Publisher:: American Astronomical Society/IOP

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; BL Lacertae objects; individual (Markarian 421) galaxies; active gamma rays; general radiation mechanisms; nonthermal X-rays; galaxies

Citation Formats


                    Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Puppo, F. Del, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. Di, Venere, L. Di, Souto Espiñeira, E. Do, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., López, R. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. van, Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., Collaboration),, Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D’Ammando, F., Baloković, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, Simonetta, Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. S., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., and Reinthal, R. Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5.

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                    Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Puppo, F. Del, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. Di, Venere, L. Di, Souto Espiñeira, E. Do, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., López, R. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. van, Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., Collaboration),, Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D’Ammando, F., Baloković, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, Simonetta, Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. S., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., & Reinthal, R. Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5

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                    Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Puppo, F. Del, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. Di, Venere, L. Di, Souto Espiñeira, E. Do, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., López, R. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. van, Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., Collaboration),, Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D’Ammando, F., Baloković, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, Simonetta, Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. S., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., and Reinthal, R. Wed .  
"Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1647637.

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@article{osti_1647637,

  title        = {Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April},

  author       = {Acciari, V. A. and Ansoldi, S. and Antonelli, L. A. and Engels, A. Arbet and Baack, D. and Babić, A. and Banerjee, B. and de Almeida, U. Barres and Barrio, J. A. and González, J. Becerra and Bednarek, W. and Bellizzi, L. K. and Bernardini, E. and Berti, A. and Besenrieder, J. and Bhattacharyya, W. and Bigongiari, C. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bonnoli, G. and Bošnjak, Ž. and Busetto, G. and Carosi, R. and Ceribella, G. and Cerruti, M. and Chai, Y. and Chilingarian, A. and Cikota, S. and Colak, S. M. and Colin, U. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and D’Elia, V. and Vela, P. Da and Dazzi, F. and Angelis, A. De and Lotto, B. De and Puppo, F. Del and Delfino, M. and Delgado, J. and Depaoli, D. and Pierro, F. Di and Venere, L. Di and Souto Espiñeira, E. Do and Prester, D. Dominis and Donini, A. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ramazani, V. Fallah and Fattorini, A. and Ferrara, G. and Foffano, L. and Fonseca, M. V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Fukami, S. and López, R. García and Garczarczyk, M. and Gasparyan, S. and Gaug, M. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Gliwny, P. and Godinović, N. and Green, D. and Hadasch, D. and Hahn, A. and Hassan, T. and Herrera, J. and Hoang, J. and Hrupec, D. and Hütten, M. and Inada, T. and Inoue, S. and Ishio, K. and Iwamura, Y. and Jouvin, L. and Kajiwara, Y. and Kerszberg, D. and Kobayashi, Y. and Kubo, H. and Kushida, J. and Lamastra, A. and Lelas, D. and Leone, F. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and López, M. and López-Coto, R. and López-Oramas, A. and Loporchio, S. and de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado and Maggio, C. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and Mallamaci, M. and Maneva, G. and Manganaro, M. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Martínez, M. and Mazin, D. and Mender, S. and Mićanović, S. and Miceli, D. and Miener, T. and Minev, M. and Miranda, J. M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Molina, E. and Moralejo, A. and Morcuende, D. and Moreno, V. and Moretti, E. and Munar-Adrover, P. and Neustroev, V. and Nigro, C. and Nilsson, K. and Ninci, D. and Nishijima, K. and Noda, K. and Nogués, L. and Nozaki, S. and Ohtani, Y. and Oka, T. and Otero-Santos, J. and Palatiello, M. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J. M. and Pavletić, L. and Peñil, P. and Peresano, M. and Persic, M. and Moroni, P. Prada and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Rhode, W. and Ribó, M. and Rico, J. and Righi, C. and Rugliancich, A. and Saha, L. and Sahakyan, N. and Saito, T. and Sakurai, S. and Satalecka, K. and Schleicher, B. and Schmidt, K. and Schweizer, T. and Sitarek, J. and Šnidarić, I. and Sobczynska, D. and Spolon, A. and Stamerra, A. and Strom, D. and Strzys, M. and Suda, Y. and Surić, T. and Takahashi, M. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzić, T. and Teshima, M. and Torres-Albà, N. and Tosti, L. and Scherpenberg, J. van and Vanzo, G. and Acosta, M. Vazquez and Ventura, S. and Verguilov, V. and Vigorito, C. F. and Vitale, V. and Vovk, I. and Will, M. and Zarić, D. and Collaboration), and Petropoulou, M. and Finke, J. and D’Ammando, F. and Baloković, M. and Madejski, G. and Mori, K. and Puccetti, Simonetta and Leto, C. and Perri, M. and Verrecchia, F. and Villata, M. and Raiteri, C. M. and Agudo, I. and Bachev, R. and Berdyugin, A. and Blinov, D. A. and Chanishvili, R. and Chen, W. P. and Chigladze, R. and Damljanovic, G. and Eswaraiah, C. and Grishina, T. S. and Ibryamov, S. and Jordan, B. and Jorstad, S. G. and Joshi, M. and Kopatskaya, E. N. and Kurtanidze, O. M. and Kurtanidze, S. O. and Larionova, E. G. and Larionova, L. V. and Larionov, V. M. and Latev, G. and Lin, H. C. and Marscher, A. P. and Mokrushina, A. A. and Morozova, D. A. and Nikolashvili, M. G. and Semkov, E. and Smith, P. S. and Strigachev, A. and Troitskaya, Yu. V. and Troitsky, I. S. and Vince, O. and Barnes, J. and Güver, T. and Moody, J. W. and Sadun, A. C. and Hovatta, T. and Richards, J. L. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Readhead, A. S. and Lähteenmäki, A. and Tornikoski, M. and Tammi, J. and Ramakrishnan, V. and Reinthal, R.},

  abstractNote = {Here we report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3–7 keV, 7–30 keV, and 30–80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2–0.4 TeV, 0.4–0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux–flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer.},

  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 248,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Wed Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go
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Sironi, L.; Giannios, D.; Petropoulou, M.
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IACHEC Cross-Calibration of Chandra, NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton with 3C 273 and PKS 2155-304
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General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1711.01292

Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres II: Tidally Locked Planets
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Inter-Plasmoid Compton Scattering and the Compton Dominance of BL Lacs
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Title: Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Abstract

Citation Formats

Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres. II. Tidally Locked Planets journal, October 2018

Interplasmoid Compton scattering and the Compton dominance of BL Lacs journal, December 2019

Time-dependent modelling of the Markarian 501 X-ray and TeV gamma-ray data taken during 1997 March and April journal, November 2002

SExtractor: Software for source extraction journal, June 1996

The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula journal, January 2016

On the magnetization of BL Lac jets journal, December 2015

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog text, January 2020

Blazar flares powered by plasmoids in relativistic reconnection journal, July 2016

Particle diffusion and localized acceleration in inhomogeneous AGN jets – II. Stochastic variation text, January 2016

The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies journal, February 2020

POLAMI: Polarimetric Monitoring of AGN at Millimetre Wavelengths – I. The programme, calibration and calibrator data products journal, September 2017

Synchrotron Self‐Compton Analysis of TeV X‐Ray‐Selected BL Lacertae Objects journal, October 2008

POLAMI: Polarimetric Monitoring of Active Galactic Nuclei at Millimetre Wavelengths – III. Characterization of total flux density and polarization variability of relativistic jets journal, September 2017

Reconnection-driven plasmoids in blazars: fast flares on a slow envelope journal, February 2013

An Exceptional Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155-304 journal, July 2007

Correlation between the TeV and X-ray emission in high-energy peaked BL Lac objects journal, March 2005

General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars journal, December 2017

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog collection, January 2020

MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF QUIESCENT STATES OF Mrk 421 WITH UNPRECEDENTED HARD X-RAY COVERAGE PROVIDED BY NuSTAR IN 2013 journal, March 2016

Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go journal, July 2016

Turbulent, Extreme Multi-Zone Model for Simulating flux and Polarization Variability in Blazars journal, December 2013

TeV BL Lac objects at the dawn of the Fermi era journal, January 2010

The steady growth of the high-energy spectral cut-off in relativistic magnetic reconnection journal, October 2018

Detection of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421 journal, August 1992

Time-dependent modelling of PKS 2155-304 in a low state journal, November 2014

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy journal, September 2013

THE VIOLENT HARD X-RAY VARIABILITY OF MRK 421 OBSERVED BY NuSTAR IN 2013 APRIL journal, September 2015

First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439 journal, December 2014

Particle diffusion and localized acceleration in inhomogeneous AGN jets – II. Stochastic variation journal, March 2016

Simultaneous X-Ray and T[CLC]e[/CLC]V Observations of a Rapid Flare from Markarian 421 journal, December 1999

Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421 journal, August 2017

Extremely rapid bursts of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421 journal, September 1996

SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2155–304 WITH HESS, FERMI , RXTE , AND ATOM: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A LOW STATE journal, April 2009

Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008 journal, December 2014

Constraints on the Physical Parameters of TeV Blazars journal, December 1998

GRB and blazar jets shining through their stripes journal, January 2019

Detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 by the EGRET telescope on the Compton Observatory journal, December 1992

General physical properties of bright Fermi blazars: Properties of bright Fermi blazars journal, November 2009

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF MARKARIAN 421: THE MISSING PIECE OF ITS SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION journal, July 2011

Radiative signatures of plasmoid-dominated reconnection in blazar jets journal, October 2018

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model conference, January 2012

The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies journal, April 2015

THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY ( NuSTAR ) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION journal, May 2013

Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of Markarian 421: The Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution text, January 2011

Gamma-ray-loud blazars and beaming journal, April 1995

On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies journal, November 2003

Fast TeV variability from misaligned minijets in the jet of M87 journal, March 2010

Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet journal, May 2009

CALIBRATION OF THE NuSTAR HIGH-ENERGY FOCUSING X-RAY TELESCOPE journal, September 2015

Relativistic jets shine through shocks or magnetic reconnection? journal, April 2015

MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-loud Blazars journal, March 2019

Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 in 2001 March: An Unprecedented View on the X‐Ray/TeV Correlated Variability journal, April 2008

Mrk 421 as a case study for TeV and X-ray variability in leptohadronic models journal, July 2013

The GASP-WEBT monitoring of 3C 454.3 during the 2008 optical-to-radio and γ-ray outburst journal, August 2009

Nonthermal continuum radiation in three elliptical galaxies journal, June 1975

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model: First principles journal, October 2012

IACHEC CROSS-CALIBRATION OF CHANDRA , NuSTAR , SWIFT , SUZAKU , XMM-NEWTON WITH 3C 273 AND PKS 2155-304 journal, December 2016

Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1 - II. Dependence of the orbital modulation and spectral hardness on the superorbital phase journal, September 2008

Multifrequency monitoring of the blazar 0716+714 during the GASP-WEBT-AGILE campaign of 2007 journal, February 2008

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog journal, March 2020

Synchrotron Self-Compton Analysis of TeV X-ray Selected BL Lacertae Objects text, January 2008

Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet text, January 2009

Simultaneous observations of PKS 2155-304 with H.E.S.S., Fermi, RXTE and ATOM: spectral energy distributions and variability in a low state text, January 2009

Fast TeV variability from misaligned minijets in the jet of M87 text, January 2009

The GASP-WEBT monitoring of 3C 454.3 during the 2008 optical-to-radio and gamma-ray outburst text, January 2009

TeV BL Lac objects at the dawn of the Fermi era text, January 2009

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model - First principles text, January 2012

Mrk 421 as a case study for TeV and X-ray variability in leptohadronic models text, January 2013

Time-dependent modelling of PKS 2155-304 in a low state text, January 2014

The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies text, January 2015

Violent Hard X-ray Variability of Mrk 421 Observed by NuSTAR in 2013 April text, January 2015

Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go text, January 2016

IACHEC Cross-Calibration of Chandra, NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton with 3C 273 and PKS 2155-304 text, January 2016

General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars text, January 2017

Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres II: Tidally Locked Planets text, January 2018

Inter-Plasmoid Compton Scattering and the Compton Dominance of BL Lacs text, January 2019

On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies text, January 2003

Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres. II. Tidally Locked Planets
journal, October 2018

Interplasmoid Compton scattering and the Compton dominance of BL Lacs
journal, December 2019

Time-dependent modelling of the Markarian 501 X-ray and TeV gamma-ray data taken during 1997 March and April
journal, November 2002

SExtractor: Software for source extraction
journal, June 1996

The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula
journal, January 2016

On the magnetization of BL Lac jets
journal, December 2015

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
text, January 2020

Blazar flares powered by plasmoids in relativistic reconnection
journal, July 2016

Particle diffusion and localized acceleration in inhomogeneous AGN jets – II. Stochastic variation
text, January 2016

The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies
journal, February 2020

POLAMI: Polarimetric Monitoring of AGN at Millimetre Wavelengths – I. The programme, calibration and calibrator data products
journal, September 2017

Synchrotron Self‐Compton Analysis of TeV X‐Ray‐Selected BL Lacertae Objects
journal, October 2008

POLAMI: Polarimetric Monitoring of Active Galactic Nuclei at Millimetre Wavelengths – III. Characterization of total flux density and polarization variability of relativistic jets
journal, September 2017

Reconnection-driven plasmoids in blazars: fast flares on a slow envelope
journal, February 2013

An Exceptional Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155-304
journal, July 2007

Correlation between the TeV and X-ray emission in high-energy peaked BL Lac objects
journal, March 2005

General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
journal, December 2017

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
collection, January 2020

MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF QUIESCENT STATES OF Mrk 421 WITH UNPRECEDENTED HARD X-RAY COVERAGE PROVIDED BY NuSTAR IN 2013
journal, March 2016

Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go
journal, July 2016

Turbulent, Extreme Multi-Zone Model for Simulating flux and Polarization Variability in Blazars
journal, December 2013

TeV BL Lac objects at the dawn of the Fermi era
journal, January 2010

The steady growth of the high-energy spectral cut-off in relativistic magnetic reconnection
journal, October 2018

Detection of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421
journal, August 1992

Time-dependent modelling of PKS 2155-304 in a low state
journal, November 2014

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy
journal, September 2013

THE VIOLENT HARD X-RAY VARIABILITY OF MRK 421 OBSERVED BY NuSTAR IN 2013 APRIL
journal, September 2015

First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439
journal, December 2014

Particle diffusion and localized acceleration in inhomogeneous AGN jets – II. Stochastic variation
journal, March 2016

Simultaneous X-Ray and T[CLC]e[/CLC]V Observations of a Rapid Flare from Markarian 421
journal, December 1999

Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421
journal, August 2017

Extremely rapid bursts of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421
journal, September 1996

SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2155–304 WITH HESS, FERMI , RXTE , AND ATOM: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A LOW STATE
journal, April 2009

Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008
journal, December 2014

Constraints on the Physical Parameters of TeV Blazars
journal, December 1998

GRB and blazar jets shining through their stripes
journal, January 2019

Detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 by the EGRET telescope on the Compton Observatory
journal, December 1992

General physical properties of bright Fermi blazars: Properties of bright Fermi blazars
journal, November 2009

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF MARKARIAN 421: THE MISSING PIECE OF ITS SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
journal, July 2011

Radiative signatures of plasmoid-dominated reconnection in blazar jets
journal, October 2018

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model
conference, January 2012

The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies
journal, April 2015

THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY ( NuSTAR ) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION
journal, May 2013

Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of Markarian 421: The Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution
text, January 2011

Gamma-ray-loud blazars and beaming
journal, April 1995

On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
journal, November 2003

Fast TeV variability from misaligned minijets in the jet of M87
journal, March 2010

Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet
journal, May 2009

CALIBRATION OF THE NuSTAR HIGH-ENERGY FOCUSING X-RAY TELESCOPE
journal, September 2015

Relativistic jets shine through shocks or magnetic reconnection?
journal, April 2015

MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-loud Blazars
journal, March 2019

Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 in 2001 March: An Unprecedented View on the X‐Ray/TeV Correlated Variability
journal, April 2008

Mrk 421 as a case study for TeV and X-ray variability in leptohadronic models
journal, July 2013

The GASP-WEBT monitoring of 3C 454.3 during the 2008 optical-to-radio and γ-ray outburst
journal, August 2009

Nonthermal continuum radiation in three elliptical galaxies
journal, June 1975

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model: First principles
journal, October 2012

IACHEC CROSS-CALIBRATION OF CHANDRA , NuSTAR , SWIFT , SUZAKU , XMM-NEWTON WITH 3C 273 AND PKS 2155-304
journal, December 2016

Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1 - II. Dependence of the orbital modulation and spectral hardness on the superorbital phase
journal, September 2008

Multifrequency monitoring of the blazar 0716+714 during the GASP-WEBT-AGILE campaign of 2007
journal, February 2008

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
journal, March 2020

Synchrotron Self-Compton Analysis of TeV X-ray Selected BL Lacertae Objects
text, January 2008

Fast TeV variability in blazars: jets in a jet
text, January 2009

Simultaneous observations of PKS 2155-304 with H.E.S.S., Fermi, RXTE and ATOM: spectral energy distributions and variability in a low state
text, January 2009

Fast TeV variability from misaligned minijets in the jet of M87
text, January 2009

The GASP-WEBT monitoring of 3C 454.3 during the 2008 optical-to-radio and gamma-ray outburst
text, January 2009

TeV BL Lac objects at the dawn of the Fermi era
text, January 2009

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model - First principles
text, January 2012

Mrk 421 as a case study for TeV and X-ray variability in leptohadronic models
text, January 2013

Time-dependent modelling of PKS 2155-304 in a low state
text, January 2014

The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies
text, January 2015

Violent Hard X-ray Variability of Mrk 421 Observed by NuSTAR in 2013 April
text, January 2015

Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go
text, January 2016

IACHEC Cross-Calibration of Chandra, NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton with 3C 273 and PKS 2155-304
text, January 2016

General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
text, January 2017

Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres II: Tidally Locked Planets
text, January 2018

Inter-Plasmoid Compton Scattering and the Compton Dominance of BL Lacs
text, January 2019

On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
text, January 2003

Constraints on the Physical Parameters of TeV Blazars
text, January 1998

Time Dependent Modeling of the Markarian 501 X-ray and TeV Gamma-Ray Data Taken During March and April, 1997
text, January 2002