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Title: Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model

Abstract

ABSTRACT Using the GAEA semi-analytic model, we analyse the connection between Damped Ly α systems (DLAs) and H i in galaxies. Our state-of-the-art semi-analytic model is tuned to reproduce the local galaxy H i mass function, and that also reproduces other important galaxy properties, including the galaxy mass–gas metallicity relation. To produce catalogues of simulated DLAs we throw 105 random lines of sight in a composite simulated volume: dark matter haloes with log$$(\frac{M_{200}}{ {\rm M}_{\odot }}) \ge 11.5$$ are extracted from the Millennium Simulation, while for $$9.2 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }})\lt 11.5$$ we use the Millennium II, and for $$8 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}) \lt 9.2$$ a halo occupation distribution model. At 2 < z < 3, where observational data are more accurate, our fiducial model predicts the correct shape of the column density distribution function, but its normalization falls short of the observations, with the discrepancy increasing at higher redshift. The agreement with observations is significantly improved increasing both the H i masses and the disc radii of model galaxies by a factor of 2, as implemented ‘a posteriori’ in our 2M−2R model. In the redshift range of interest, haloes with $$M_{200} \ge {10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$$ give the major contribution to ΩDLA, and the typical DLA host halo mass is $$\sim \!{10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$$. The simulated DLA metallicity distribution is in relatively good agreement with observations, but our model predicts an excess of DLAs at low metallicities. Our results suggest possible improvements for the adopted modelling of the filtering mass and metal ejection in low-mass haloes.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
  1. Dipartimento di Fisica dell’ Università di Trieste, Sezione di Astronomia, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy, INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo, 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU–Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, I-34151 Trieste, Italy, INFN–National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste
  2. INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo, 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU–Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, I-34151 Trieste, Italy, INFN–National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste
  3. INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo, 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
  4. Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixidao 393, Tianjin, China
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1646706
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 497 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Di Gioia, Serafina, Cristiani, Stefano, De Lucia, Gabriella, and Xie, Lizhi. Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2067.
Di Gioia, Serafina, Cristiani, Stefano, De Lucia, Gabriella, & Xie, Lizhi. Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2067
Di Gioia, Serafina, Cristiani, Stefano, De Lucia, Gabriella, and Xie, Lizhi. Wed . "Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2067.
@article{osti_1646706,
title = {Damped Ly α absorbers and atomic hydrogen in galaxies: the view of the GAEA model},
author = {Di Gioia, Serafina and Cristiani, Stefano and De Lucia, Gabriella and Xie, Lizhi},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT Using the GAEA semi-analytic model, we analyse the connection between Damped Ly α systems (DLAs) and H i in galaxies. Our state-of-the-art semi-analytic model is tuned to reproduce the local galaxy H i mass function, and that also reproduces other important galaxy properties, including the galaxy mass–gas metallicity relation. To produce catalogues of simulated DLAs we throw 105 random lines of sight in a composite simulated volume: dark matter haloes with log$(\frac{M_{200}}{ {\rm M}_{\odot }}) \ge 11.5$ are extracted from the Millennium Simulation, while for $9.2 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }})\lt 11.5$ we use the Millennium II, and for $8 \le \log (\frac{M_{200}}{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}) \lt 9.2$ a halo occupation distribution model. At 2 < z < 3, where observational data are more accurate, our fiducial model predicts the correct shape of the column density distribution function, but its normalization falls short of the observations, with the discrepancy increasing at higher redshift. The agreement with observations is significantly improved increasing both the H i masses and the disc radii of model galaxies by a factor of 2, as implemented ‘a posteriori’ in our 2M−2R model. In the redshift range of interest, haloes with $M_{200} \ge {10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ give the major contribution to ΩDLA, and the typical DLA host halo mass is $\sim \!{10}^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The simulated DLA metallicity distribution is in relatively good agreement with observations, but our model predicts an excess of DLAs at low metallicities. Our results suggest possible improvements for the adopted modelling of the filtering mass and metal ejection in low-mass haloes.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa2067},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 497,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Wed Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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Stellar masses, metallicity gradients, and suppressed star formation revealed in a new sample of absorption selected galaxies
journal, October 2018


Galaxy formation in WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies
journal, November 2012

  • Guo, Qi; White, Simon; Angulo, Raul E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 428, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sts115

H2-based star formation laws in hierarchical models of galaxy formation
journal, April 2017

  • Xie, Lizhi; De Lucia, Gabriella; Hirschmann, Michaela
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 469, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx889

Exploring galaxy dark matter haloes across redshifts with strong quasar absorbers
journal, August 2019

  • Christensen, L.; Møller, P.; Rhodin, N. H. P.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2342

xCOLD GASS: The Complete IRAM 30 m Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas for Galaxy Evolution Studies
journal, December 2017

  • Saintonge, Amélie; Catinella, Barbara; Tacconi, Linda J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 233, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aa97e0

The rates and modes of gas accretion on to galaxies and their gaseous haloes: Gas accretion on to galaxies and haloes
journal, April 2011


Starburst‐driven Mass Loss from Dwarf Galaxies: Efficiency and Metal Ejection
journal, March 1999

  • Mac Low, Mordecai‐Mark; Ferrara, Andrea
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 513, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/306832

A Fundamental Test for Galaxy Formation Models: Matching the Lyman- α Absorption Profiles of Galactic Halos Over Three Decades in Distance
journal, May 2018

  • Sorini, Daniele; Oñorbe, José; Hennawi, Joseph F.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabb52

The H I content of star-forming galaxies at z= 0.24
journal, April 2007


Abundance of damped Lyman α absorbers in cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations
journal, February 2004


Absorption-line systems in simulated galaxies fed by cold streams: ALSs in simulated galaxies
journal, September 2011

  • Fumagalli, Michele; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Kasen, Daniel
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 418, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19599.x

Stellar mass to halo mass relation from galaxy clustering in VUDS: a high star formation efficiency at z ≃ 3
journal, March 2015


Testing galaxy formation simulations with damped Lyman-α abundance and metallicity evolution
journal, January 2020

  • Hassan, Sultan; Finlator, Kristian; Davé, Romeel
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa056

[C ii] 158 μ m Emission from z ∼ 4 H i Absorption-selected Galaxies
journal, January 2019

  • Neeleman, Marcel; Kanekar, Nissim; Xavier Prochaska, J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf871

The current status of galaxy formation
journal, August 2012


Damped Lyman α systems in high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations
journal, July 2009


The evolution of Ω H i and the epoch of formation of damped Lyman α absorbers
journal, December 2003

  • Péroux, C.; McMahon, R. G.; Storrie-Lombardi, L. J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 346, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07129.x

Which galaxies dominate the neutral gas content of the Universe?
journal, March 2014

  • Lagos, C. D. P.; Baugh, C. M.; Zwaan, M. A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 440, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu266

Do damped and sub-damped Lyman-alpha absorbers arise in galaxies of different masses?
journal, November 2010


Sdss-Iii: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky way, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
journal, August 2011

  • Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Weinberg, David H.; Agol, Eric
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 142, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/72

The Contribution of H i –rich Galaxies to the Damped Lyα Absorber Population at z = 0
journal, March 2003

  • Rosenberg, Jessica L.; Schneider, Stephen E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 585, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/345979

The Role of Pressure in GMC Formation II: The H 2 ‐Pressure Relation
journal, October 2006

  • Blitz, Leo; Rosolowsky, Erik
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 650, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/505417

METALLICITY EVOLUTION OF DAMPED Lyα SYSTEMS OUT TO z ∼ 5
journal, July 2012

  • Rafelski, Marc; Wolfe, Arthur M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 755, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/89

Unbiased Differential Size Evolution and the Inside-out Growth of Galaxies in the Deep CANDELS GOODS Fields at 1 ≤ z ≤ 7
journal, December 2019

  • Whitney, A.; Conselice, C. J.; Bhatawdekar, R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab53d4

Damped Lyman α absorbers as a probe of stellar feedback
journal, October 2014

  • Bird, Simeon; Vogelsberger, Mark; Haehnelt, Martin
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1923

H i-selected galaxies in hierarchical models of galaxy formation and evolution
journal, November 2016

  • Zoldan, Anna; De Lucia, Gabriella; Xie, Lizhi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2901

Exploring the dust content of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 damped Lyman α systems at: Dust in high-redshift DLAs
journal, October 2011

  • Khare, Pushpa; Vanden Berk, Daniel; York, Donald G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 419, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19758.x

Observational evidence for constant gas accretion rate since z = 5
journal, June 2017

  • Spring, Eleanor F.; Michałowski, Michał J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 471, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slx108

Ingredients for 21 cm Intensity Mapping
journal, October 2018

  • Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Genel, Shy; Castorina, Emanuele
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aadba0

The cosmological bias factor of damped Lyman alpha systems: dependence on metal line strength
journal, August 2018

  • Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi; Miralda-Escudé, Jordi; Arinyo-i-Prats, Andreu
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2158

First gas-phase metallicity gradients of 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.8 galaxies with MUSE
journal, May 2018

  • Carton, David; Brinchmann, Jarle; Contini, Thierry
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1343

Flattening and truncation of stellar discs in edge-on spiral galaxies
journal, August 2002


On the evolution of the H i column density distribution in cosmological simulations
journal, February 2013

  • Rahmati, Alireza; Pawlik, Andreas H.; Raičevic̀, Milan
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt066

Reconciling the Metallicity Distributions of Gamma‐Ray Burst, Damped Lyα, and Lyman Break Galaxies at z ≈ 3
journal, August 2008

  • Fynbo, Johan P. U.; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Sommer‐Larsen, Jesper
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 683, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/589555

Multiphase circumgalactic medium probed with MUSE and ALMA
journal, January 2019

  • Péroux, Céline; Zwaan, Martin A.; Klitsch, Anne
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz202

Galaxy counterparts of metal-rich damped Lyα absorbers - II. A solar-metallicity and dusty DLA at zabs= 2.58★: Galaxy counterparts of metal-rich DLAs II
journal, March 2011


The Population of Damped Lyα and Lyman Limit Systems in the Cold Dark Matter Model
journal, July 1997

  • Gardner, Jeffrey P.; Katz, Neal; Hernquist, Lars
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 484, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/304310

The star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where gas Forms Stars Effectively
journal, November 2008


Ly-α and Mg II as Probes of Galaxies and Their Environment
journal, November 2014

  • Barnes, Luke A.; Garel, Thibault; Kacprzak, Glenn G.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 126, Issue 945
  • DOI: 10.1086/679178

Differentiating dark energy and modified gravity with galaxy redshift surveys
journal, May 2008


Simulations of Damped Lyα and Lyman Limit Absorbers in Different Cosmologies: Implications for Structure Formation at High Redshift
journal, September 2001

  • Gardner, Jeffrey P.; Katz, Neal; Hernquist, Lars
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 559, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/322403

A ground-based imaging study of galaxies causing damped Lyman α (DLA), sub-DLA and Lyman limit system absorption in quasar spectra★: DLA, sub-DLA and LLS galaxies
journal, July 2011

  • Rao, Sandhya M.; Belfort-Mihalyi, Michèle; Turnshek, David A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 416, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19119.x

The Sloan Digital sky Survey Quasar Catalog. v. Seventh data Release
journal, April 2010


xGASS: total cold gas scaling relations and molecular-to-atomic gas ratios of galaxies in the local Universe
journal, January 2018

  • Catinella, Barbara; Saintonge, Amélie; Janowiecki, Steven
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty089

Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework
journal, August 2015


Cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations: a hybrid multiphase model for star formation
journal, February 2003