A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites

Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Bowland, Christopher C.; Naskar, Amit K.

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2018.03.009

Title: A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites

Abstract

Here, we report the utilization of a melt-stable lignin waste-stream from biorefineries as a renewable feedstock, with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer to synthesize a renewable matrix having excellent 3D-printability. While the initial low melt viscosity of the dispersed lignin phase induces local thermo-rheological relaxation facilitating the composite's melt flow, thermal crosslinking in both lignin and rubber phases as well as at the lignin-rubber interface decreases the molecular mobility. Consequently, interfacial diffusion and the resulting adhesion between deposited layers is decreased. However, addition of 10 wt.% of discontinuous carbon fibers (CFs) within the green composites not only significantly enhances the material performance but also lowers the degree of chemical crosslinking formed in the matrix during melt-phase synthesis. Furthermore, abundant functional groups including hydroxyl (from lignin) and nitrile (from rubber and ABS) allow combinations of hydrogen bonded structures where CFs play a critical bridging role between the deposited layers. As a result, a highly interfused printed structure with 100% improved inter-layer adhesion strength was obtained. This research offers a route toward utilizing lignin for replacement of petroleum-based thermoplastics used in additive manufacturing and methods to enhance printability of the materials with exceptional mechanical performance.

Authors:: Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Bowland, Christopher C.; Naskar, Amit K.

Publication Date:: Sat Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1633333

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1439149

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Applied Materials Today

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Applied Materials Today Journal Volume: 12 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 2352-9407

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 3D-printing; Weld energy; Lignin composites; Carbon fibers; Inter-layer diffusion

Citation Formats


                    Nguyen, Ngoc A., Bowland, Christopher C., and Naskar, Amit K. A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites.  Netherlands: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2018.03.009.

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                    Nguyen, Ngoc A., Bowland, Christopher C., & Naskar, Amit K. A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites.  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2018.03.009

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                    Nguyen, Ngoc A., Bowland, Christopher C., and Naskar, Amit K. Sat .  
"A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites".  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2018.03.009.

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@article{osti_1633333,

  title        = {A general method to improve 3D-printability and inter-layer adhesion in lignin-based composites},

  author       = {Nguyen, Ngoc A. and Bowland, Christopher C. and Naskar, Amit K.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report the utilization of a melt-stable lignin waste-stream from biorefineries as a renewable feedstock, with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer to synthesize a renewable matrix having excellent 3D-printability. While the initial low melt viscosity of the dispersed lignin phase induces local thermo-rheological relaxation facilitating the composite's melt flow, thermal crosslinking in both lignin and rubber phases as well as at the lignin-rubber interface decreases the molecular mobility. Consequently, interfacial diffusion and the resulting adhesion between deposited layers is decreased. However, addition of 10 wt.% of discontinuous carbon fibers (CFs) within the green composites not only significantly enhances the material performance but also lowers the degree of chemical crosslinking formed in the matrix during melt-phase synthesis. Furthermore, abundant functional groups including hydroxyl (from lignin) and nitrile (from rubber and ABS) allow combinations of hydrogen bonded structures where CFs play a critical bridging role between the deposited layers. As a result, a highly interfused printed structure with 100% improved inter-layer adhesion strength was obtained. This research offers a route toward utilizing lignin for replacement of petroleum-based thermoplastics used in additive manufacturing and methods to enhance printability of the materials with exceptional mechanical performance.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.apmt.2018.03.009},

  journal      = {Applied Materials Today},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 12,

  place        = {Netherlands},

  year         = {Sat Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Sat Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work
journal, October 2019

Li, Xiang; Zheng, Yi
Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 36, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2922

Ultrafast 3D printing with submicrometer features using electrostatic jet deflection
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Liashenko, Ievgenii; Rosell-Llompart, Joan; Cabot, Andreu
Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14557-w

A fundamental understanding of whole biomass dissolution in ionic liquid for regeneration of fiber by solution-spinning
journal, January 2019

Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Kim, Keonhee; Bowland, Christopher C.
Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1039/c9gc00774a

Lignin: A Biopolymer from Forestry Biomass for Biocomposites and 3D Printing
journal, September 2019

Tanase-Opedal, Mihaela; Espinosa, Eduardo; Rodríguez, Alejandro
Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 18
DOI: 10.3390/ma12183006

FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties
journal, June 2019

Mazzanti, Valentina; Malagutti, Lorenzo; Mollica, Francesco
Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 7
DOI: 10.3390/polym11071094

Lignin Biopolymers in the Age of Controlled Polymerization
journal, July 2019

Ganewatta, Mitra S.; Lokupitiya, Hasala N.; Tang, Chuanbing
Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 7
DOI: 10.3390/polym11071176

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