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Title: Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure

Abstract

Tubulin undergoes posttranslational modifications proposed to specify microtubule subpopulations for particular functions. Most of these modifications occur on the C-termini of tubulin and may directly affect the binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or motors. Acetylation of Lys-40 on α-tubulin is unique in that it is located on the luminal surface of microtubules, away from the interaction sites of most MAPs and motors. We investigate whether acetylation alters the architecture of microtubules or the conformation of tubulin, using cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM). No significant changes are observed based on protofilament distributions or microtubule helical lattice parameters. Furthermore, no clear differences in tubulin structure are detected between cryo-EM reconstructions of maximally deacetylated or acetylated microtubules. Our results indicate that the effect of acetylation must be highly localized and affect interaction with proteins that bind directly to the lumen of the microtubule. We also investigate the interaction of the tubulin acetyltransferase, αTAT1, with microtubules and find that αTAT1 is able to interact with the outside of the microtubule, at least partly through the tubulin C-termini. Binding to the outside surface of the microtubule could facilitate access of αTAT1 to its luminal site of action if microtubules undergo lateral opening between protofilaments.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4]
  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Biophysics Graduate Group
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States).Howard Hughes Medical Inst. Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). School of Medicine. Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Physiology
  4. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States).Howard Hughes Medical Inst. Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Life Sciences Division
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
OSTI Identifier:
1625232
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 25; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1059-1524
Publisher:
American Society for Cell Biology
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Cell Biology

Citation Formats

Howes, Stuart C., Alushin, Gregory M., Shida, Toshinobu, Nachury, Maxence V., and Nogales, Eva. Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0387.
Howes, Stuart C., Alushin, Gregory M., Shida, Toshinobu, Nachury, Maxence V., & Nogales, Eva. Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure. United States. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0387
Howes, Stuart C., Alushin, Gregory M., Shida, Toshinobu, Nachury, Maxence V., and Nogales, Eva. Wed . "Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure". United States. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0387. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1625232.
@article{osti_1625232,
title = {Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structure},
author = {Howes, Stuart C. and Alushin, Gregory M. and Shida, Toshinobu and Nachury, Maxence V. and Nogales, Eva},
abstractNote = {Tubulin undergoes posttranslational modifications proposed to specify microtubule subpopulations for particular functions. Most of these modifications occur on the C-termini of tubulin and may directly affect the binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or motors. Acetylation of Lys-40 on α-tubulin is unique in that it is located on the luminal surface of microtubules, away from the interaction sites of most MAPs and motors. We investigate whether acetylation alters the architecture of microtubules or the conformation of tubulin, using cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM). No significant changes are observed based on protofilament distributions or microtubule helical lattice parameters. Furthermore, no clear differences in tubulin structure are detected between cryo-EM reconstructions of maximally deacetylated or acetylated microtubules. Our results indicate that the effect of acetylation must be highly localized and affect interaction with proteins that bind directly to the lumen of the microtubule. We also investigate the interaction of the tubulin acetyltransferase, αTAT1, with microtubules and find that αTAT1 is able to interact with the outside of the microtubule, at least partly through the tubulin C-termini. Binding to the outside surface of the microtubule could facilitate access of αTAT1 to its luminal site of action if microtubules undergo lateral opening between protofilaments.},
doi = {10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0387},
journal = {Molecular Biology of the Cell},
number = 2,
volume = 25,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Wed Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}

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The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology
journal, November 2019


Tubulin Acetylation Mediates Bisphenol A Effects on the Microtubule Arrays of Allium cepa and Triticum turgidum
journal, May 2019

  • Adamakis, Ioannis-Dimosthenis S.; Panteris, Emmanuel; Eleftheriou, Eleftherios P.
  • Biomolecules, Vol. 9, Issue 5
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Effects of α-tubulin acetylation on microtubule structure and stability
journal, May 2019

  • Eshun-Wilson, Lisa; Zhang, Rui; Portran, Didier
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900441116

Tubulin acetylation protects long-lived microtubules against mechanical ageing
journal, February 2017

  • Portran, Didier; Schaedel, Laura; Xu, Zhenjie
  • Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 4
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A Case for Microtubule Vulnerability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered Dynamics During Disease
journal, September 2016

  • Clark, Jayden A.; Yeaman, Elise J.; Blizzard, Catherine A.
  • Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Vol. 10
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The Elongator subunit Elp3 is a non-canonical tRNA acetyltransferase
text, January 2019

  • Lin, Ting-Yu; Abbassi, Nour El Hana; Zakrzewski, Karol
  • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
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The Elongator subunit Elp3 is a non-canonical tRNA acetyltransferase
journal, February 2019


G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 modifies cancer cell resistance to paclitaxel
journal, July 2019

  • Lagman, Joann; Sayegh, Paula; Lee, Christina S.
  • Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Vol. 461, Issue 1-2
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Cardiac microtubules in health and heart disease
journal, August 2019

  • Caporizzo, Matthew A.; Chen, Christina Yingxian; Prosser, Benjamin L.
  • Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 244, Issue 15
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Insights of the tubulin code in gametes and embryos: from basic research to potential clinical applications in humans†
journal, September 2018

  • Amargant, Farners; Barragan, Montserrat; Vassena, Rita
  • Biology of Reproduction, Vol. 100, Issue 3
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Back to the tubule: microtubule dynamics in Parkinson’s disease
journal, September 2016

  • Pellegrini, Laura; Wetzel, Andrea; Grannó, Simone
  • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Vol. 74, Issue 3
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The world of protein acetylation
journal, October 2016

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Effects of α-Tubulin K40 Acetylation and Detyrosination on Kinesin-1 Motility in a Purified System
journal, June 2014

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The Motility of Axonemal Dynein Is Regulated by the Tubulin Code
journal, December 2014

  • Alper, Joshua D.; Decker, Franziska; Agana, Bernice
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 107, Issue 12
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Causes and Consequences of Microtubule Acetylation
journal, December 2017


Exome-wide Rare Variant Analysis Identifies TUBA4A Mutations Associated with Familial ALS
journal, October 2014


Long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation in breast cancer
journal, May 2016


Oncogenic microtubule hyperacetylation through BEX4-mediated sirtuin 2 inhibition
journal, August 2016


αTAT1 downregulation induces mitotic catastrophe in HeLa and A549 cells
journal, February 2016


MicroRNA-92a is a circadian modulator of neuronal excitability in Drosophila
journal, March 2017


Nucleotide– and Mal3-dependent changes in fission yeast microtubules suggest a structural plasticity view of dynamics
journal, December 2017

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The Elongator subunit Elp3 is a non-canonical tRNA acetyltransferase
journal, February 2019


Human histone deacetylase 6 shows strong preference for tubulin dimers over assembled microtubules
journal, September 2017


αTAT1 controls longitudinal spreading of acetylation marks from open microtubules extremities
journal, October 2016

  • Ly, Nathalie; Elkhatib, Nadia; Bresteau, Enzo
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
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Regulation of microtubule disassembly by spatially heterogeneous patterns of acetylation
journal, January 2020

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  • Soft Matter, Vol. 16, Issue 12
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Cilium structure, assembly, and disassembly regulated by the cytoskeleton
journal, July 2018

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Histone deacetylase 3 indirectly modulates tubulin acetylation
journal, November 2015

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Effects of α-tubulin acetylation on microtubule structure and stability
journal, May 2019

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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 21
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Structural and functional differences between porcine brain and budding yeast microtubules
journal, January 2018


The tubulin code: Molecular components, readout mechanisms, and functions
journal, August 2014


A conceptual view at microtubule plus end dynamics in neuronal axons
journal, August 2016

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TgATAT-Mediated α-Tubulin Acetylation Is Required for Division of the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
journal, February 2016


The primary cilium is a self-adaptable, integrating nexus for mechanical stimuli and cellular signaling
journal, November 2015

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The tubulin code at a glance
journal, March 2017

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  • Journal of Cell Science, Vol. 130, Issue 8
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A Case for Microtubule Vulnerability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered Dynamics During Disease
journal, September 2016

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  • Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Vol. 10
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A Systematic Review of Suggested Molecular Strata, Biomarkers and Their Tissue Sources in ALS
journal, May 2019

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  • Frontiers in Neurology, Vol. 10
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The Altered Hepatic Tubulin Code in Alcoholic Liver Disease
journal, September 2015


Tubulin Acetylation Mediates Bisphenol A Effects on the Microtubule Arrays of Allium cepa and Triticum turgidum
journal, May 2019

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  • Biomolecules, Vol. 9, Issue 5
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Differences in Functional Expression of Connexin43 and NaV1.5 by Pan- and Class-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in Heart
journal, August 2018

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High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
journal, August 2016

  • Braun, Alexander; Caesar, Nicole M.; Dang, Kyvan
  • Journal of Visualized Experiments, Issue 114
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Expression of acetylated tubulin in the postnatal developing mouse cochlea
journal, August 2018