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Title: Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles

Abstract

A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a particle or system is a separation of charge along its angular momentum axis and is a direct signal of T violation and, assuming CPT symmetry, CP violation. For over 60 years EDMs have been studied, first as a signal of a parity-symmetry violation and then as a signal of CP violation that would clarify its role in nature and in theory. Contemporary motivations include the role that CP violation plays in explaining the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry and the search for new physics. Experiments on a variety of systems have become ever-more sensitive, but provide only upper limits on EDMs, and theory at several scales is crucial to interpret these limits. Nuclear theory provides connections from standard-model and beyond-standard-model physics to the observable EDMs, and atomic and molecular theory reveal how CP violation is manifest in these systems. EDM results in hadronic systems require that the standard-model QCD parameter of θ¯ must be exceptionally small, which could be explained by the existence of axions, also a candidate dark-matter particle. Theoretical results on electroweak baryogenesis show that new physics is needed to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe. Experimental and theoretical effortsmore » continue to expand with new ideas and new questions, and this review provides a broad overview of theoretical motivations and interpretations as well as details about experimental techniques, experiments, and prospects. Here, the intent is to provide specifics and context as this exciting field moves forward.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  2. Technische Univ. Munchen (Germany)
  3. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
  4. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1609532
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1489705
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-04ER41331; SC0011095; FG0204ER41331
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Reviews of Modern Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 91; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6861
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; physics; nuclear tests of fundamental interactions; tests of fundamental symmetries; neutrons; CP violation; discrete symmetries; neutron techniques; precision measurements

Citation Formats

Chupp, T. E., Fierlinger, P., Ramsey-Musolf, M. J., and Singh, J. T. Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.91.015001.
Chupp, T. E., Fierlinger, P., Ramsey-Musolf, M. J., & Singh, J. T. Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.91.015001
Chupp, T. E., Fierlinger, P., Ramsey-Musolf, M. J., and Singh, J. T. Fri . "Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.91.015001. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1609532.
@article{osti_1609532,
title = {Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles},
author = {Chupp, T. E. and Fierlinger, P. and Ramsey-Musolf, M. J. and Singh, J. T.},
abstractNote = {A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a particle or system is a separation of charge along its angular momentum axis and is a direct signal of T violation and, assuming CPT symmetry, CP violation. For over 60 years EDMs have been studied, first as a signal of a parity-symmetry violation and then as a signal of CP violation that would clarify its role in nature and in theory. Contemporary motivations include the role that CP violation plays in explaining the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry and the search for new physics. Experiments on a variety of systems have become ever-more sensitive, but provide only upper limits on EDMs, and theory at several scales is crucial to interpret these limits. Nuclear theory provides connections from standard-model and beyond-standard-model physics to the observable EDMs, and atomic and molecular theory reveal how CP violation is manifest in these systems. EDM results in hadronic systems require that the standard-model QCD parameter of θ¯ must be exceptionally small, which could be explained by the existence of axions, also a candidate dark-matter particle. Theoretical results on electroweak baryogenesis show that new physics is needed to explain the dominance of matter in the Universe. Experimental and theoretical efforts continue to expand with new ideas and new questions, and this review provides a broad overview of theoretical motivations and interpretations as well as details about experimental techniques, experiments, and prospects. Here, the intent is to provide specifics and context as this exciting field moves forward.},
doi = {10.1103/revmodphys.91.015001},
journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
number = 1,
volume = 91,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Fri Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}

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