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Title: Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes

Abstract

Bacteriophages from the Inoviridae family (inoviruses) are characterized by their unique morphology, genome content and infection cycle. One of the most striking features of inoviruses is their ability to establish a chronic infection whereby the viral genome resides within the cell in either an exclusively episomal state or integrated into the host chromosome and virions are continuously released without killing the host. To date, a relatively small number of inovirus isolates have been extensively studied, either for biotechnological applications, such as phage display, or because of their effect on the toxicity of known bacterial pathogens including Vibrio cholerae and Neisseria meningitidis. Here, we show that the current 56 members of the Inoviridae family represent a minute fraction of a highly diverse group of inoviruses. Using a machine learning approach leveraging a combination of marker gene and genome features, we identified 10,295 inovirus-like sequences from microbial genomes and metagenomes. Collectively, our results call for reclassification of the current Inoviridae family into a viral order including six distinct proposed families associated with nearly all bacterial phyla across virtually every ecosystem. Putative inoviruses were also detected in several archaeal genomes, suggesting that, collectively, members of this supergroup infect hosts across the domains Bacteriamore » and Archaea. Finally, we identified an expansive diversity of inovirus-encoded toxin–antitoxin and gene expression modulation systems, alongside evidence of both synergistic (CRISPR evasion) and antagonistic (superinfection exclusion) interactions with co-infecting viruses, which we experimentally validated in a Pseudomonas model. Capturing this previously obscured component of the global virosphere may spark new avenues for microbial manipulation approaches and innovative biotechnological applications.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [5]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [6];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  2. Inst. Pasteur, Paris (France)
  3. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)
  5. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States). Quantitative Biosciences Inst.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Sciences Foundation (NSF); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
OSTI Identifier:
1581331
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; EAR 1331940
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Microbiology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-5276
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Archaea; Bacteriophages; Environmental microbiology; Phage biology; Metagenomics

Citation Formats

Roux, Simon, Krupovic, Mart, Daly, Rebecca A., Borges, Adair L., Nayfach, Stephen, Schulz, Frederik, Sharrar, Allison, Matheus Carnevali, Paula B., Cheng, Jan-Fang, Ivanova, Natalia N., Bondy-Denomy, Joseph, Wrighton, Kelly C., Woyke, Tanja, Visel, Axel, Kyrpides, Nikos C., and Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0510-x.
Roux, Simon, Krupovic, Mart, Daly, Rebecca A., Borges, Adair L., Nayfach, Stephen, Schulz, Frederik, Sharrar, Allison, Matheus Carnevali, Paula B., Cheng, Jan-Fang, Ivanova, Natalia N., Bondy-Denomy, Joseph, Wrighton, Kelly C., Woyke, Tanja, Visel, Axel, Kyrpides, Nikos C., & Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0510-x
Roux, Simon, Krupovic, Mart, Daly, Rebecca A., Borges, Adair L., Nayfach, Stephen, Schulz, Frederik, Sharrar, Allison, Matheus Carnevali, Paula B., Cheng, Jan-Fang, Ivanova, Natalia N., Bondy-Denomy, Joseph, Wrighton, Kelly C., Woyke, Tanja, Visel, Axel, Kyrpides, Nikos C., and Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. Mon . "Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0510-x. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1581331.
@article{osti_1581331,
title = {Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes},
author = {Roux, Simon and Krupovic, Mart and Daly, Rebecca A. and Borges, Adair L. and Nayfach, Stephen and Schulz, Frederik and Sharrar, Allison and Matheus Carnevali, Paula B. and Cheng, Jan-Fang and Ivanova, Natalia N. and Bondy-Denomy, Joseph and Wrighton, Kelly C. and Woyke, Tanja and Visel, Axel and Kyrpides, Nikos C. and Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A.},
abstractNote = {Bacteriophages from the Inoviridae family (inoviruses) are characterized by their unique morphology, genome content and infection cycle. One of the most striking features of inoviruses is their ability to establish a chronic infection whereby the viral genome resides within the cell in either an exclusively episomal state or integrated into the host chromosome and virions are continuously released without killing the host. To date, a relatively small number of inovirus isolates have been extensively studied, either for biotechnological applications, such as phage display, or because of their effect on the toxicity of known bacterial pathogens including Vibrio cholerae and Neisseria meningitidis. Here, we show that the current 56 members of the Inoviridae family represent a minute fraction of a highly diverse group of inoviruses. Using a machine learning approach leveraging a combination of marker gene and genome features, we identified 10,295 inovirus-like sequences from microbial genomes and metagenomes. Collectively, our results call for reclassification of the current Inoviridae family into a viral order including six distinct proposed families associated with nearly all bacterial phyla across virtually every ecosystem. Putative inoviruses were also detected in several archaeal genomes, suggesting that, collectively, members of this supergroup infect hosts across the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Finally, we identified an expansive diversity of inovirus-encoded toxin–antitoxin and gene expression modulation systems, alongside evidence of both synergistic (CRISPR evasion) and antagonistic (superinfection exclusion) interactions with co-infecting viruses, which we experimentally validated in a Pseudomonas model. Capturing this previously obscured component of the global virosphere may spark new avenues for microbial manipulation approaches and innovative biotechnological applications.},
doi = {10.1038/s41564-019-0510-x},
journal = {Nature Microbiology},
number = 11,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

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CD-HIT: accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data
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