Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6

Han, Myung-Geun; Garlow, Joseph A.; Liu, Yu; Zhang, Huiqin; Li, Jun; DiMarzio, Donald; Knight, Mark W.; Petrovic, Cedomir; Jariwala, Deep; Zhu, Yimei

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02849

Title: Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr₂Ge₂Te₆

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials show a range of profound physical properties that can be tailored through their incorporation in heterostructures and manipulated with external forces. The recent discovery of long-range ferromagnetic order down to atomic layers provides an additional degree of freedom in engineering 2D materials and their heterostructure devices for spintronics, valleytronics, and magnetic tunnel junction switches. In this work, using direct imaging by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy we show that topologically nontrivial magnetic-spin states, skyrmionic bubbles, can be realized in exfoliated insulating 2D vdW Cr₂Ge₂Te₆. Due to the competition between dipolar interactions and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, hexagonally packed nanoscale bubble lattices emerge by field cooling with magnetic field applied along the out-of-plane direction. Despite a range of topological spin textures in stripe domains arising due to pair formation and annihilation of Bloch lines, bubble lattices with single chirality are prevalent. In conclusion, our observation of topologically nontrivial homochiral skyrmionic bubbles in exfoliated vdW materials provides a new avenue for novel quantum states in atomically thin insulators for magneto-electronic and quantum devices.

Authors:

^[1]; Garlow, Joseph A. ^[2];

^[1]; Zhang, Huiqin ^[3]; Li, Jun ^[1]; DiMarzio, Donald ^[4];

^[4];

^[1];

^[3];

^[2]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

OSTI Identifier:: 1580243

Report Number(s):: BNL-212475-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984; TRN: US2102210

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-98CH10886

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nano Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; van der Waals; topological; two-dimensional; ferromagnetism; Skyrmions; spintronics; Lorentz microscopy; Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya

Citation Formats


                    Han, Myung-Geun, Garlow, Joseph A., Liu, Yu, Zhang, Huiqin, Li, Jun, DiMarzio, Donald, Knight, Mark W., Petrovic, Cedomir, Jariwala, Deep, and Zhu, Yimei. Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02849.

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                    Han, Myung-Geun, Garlow, Joseph A., Liu, Yu, Zhang, Huiqin, Li, Jun, DiMarzio, Donald, Knight, Mark W., Petrovic, Cedomir, Jariwala, Deep, & Zhu, Yimei. Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02849

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                    Han, Myung-Geun, Garlow, Joseph A., Liu, Yu, Zhang, Huiqin, Li, Jun, DiMarzio, Donald, Knight, Mark W., Petrovic, Cedomir, Jariwala, Deep, and Zhu, Yimei. Tue .  
"Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02849.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1580243.

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@article{osti_1580243,

  title        = {Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6},

  author       = {Han, Myung-Geun and Garlow, Joseph A. and Liu, Yu and Zhang, Huiqin and Li, Jun and DiMarzio, Donald and Knight, Mark W. and Petrovic, Cedomir and Jariwala, Deep and Zhu, Yimei},

  abstractNote = {Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials show a range of profound physical properties that can be tailored through their incorporation in heterostructures and manipulated with external forces. The recent discovery of long-range ferromagnetic order down to atomic layers provides an additional degree of freedom in engineering 2D materials and their heterostructure devices for spintronics, valleytronics, and magnetic tunnel junction switches. In this work, using direct imaging by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy we show that topologically nontrivial magnetic-spin states, skyrmionic bubbles, can be realized in exfoliated insulating 2D vdW Cr2Ge2Te6. Due to the competition between dipolar interactions and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, hexagonally packed nanoscale bubble lattices emerge by field cooling with magnetic field applied along the out-of-plane direction. Despite a range of topological spin textures in stripe domains arising due to pair formation and annihilation of Bloch lines, bubble lattices with single chirality are prevalent. In conclusion, our observation of topologically nontrivial homochiral skyrmionic bubbles in exfoliated vdW materials provides a new avenue for novel quantum states in atomically thin insulators for magneto-electronic and quantum devices.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02849},

  journal      = {Nano Letters},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 19,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Title: Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6

Abstract

Citation Formats

2D transition metal dichalcogenides journal, June 2017

Van der Waals heterostructures journal, July 2013

Valleytronics in 2D materials journal, August 2016

Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene journal, October 2015

2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures journal, July 2016

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures journal, May 2019

Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices journal, February 2019

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics journal, May 2019

Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials journal, October 2018

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit journal, June 2017

Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals journal, April 2017

Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der Waals substrates journal, February 2018

Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI3 journal, April 2018

Very large tunneling magnetoresistance in layered magnetic semiconductor CrI3 journal, June 2018

Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling journal, May 2018

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures journal, May 2018

Skyrmions on the track journal, March 2013

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions journal, December 2013

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications journal, June 2017

Magnetic Bubble Materials journal, August 1979

Variation of Topology in Magnetic Bubbles in a Colossal Magnetoresistive Manganite journal, October 2016

Do Images of Biskyrmions Show Type‐II Bubbles? journal, February 2019

Magnetic skyrmions: from fundamental to applications journal, September 2016

Reconfigurable Skyrmion Logic Gates journal, January 2018

Magnetic skyrmion-based synaptic devices journal, January 2017

Solid-state single-photon emitters journal, September 2016

Critical behavior of quasi-two-dimensional semiconducting ferromagnet Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 journal, August 2017

Crystallographic, magnetic and electronic structures of a new layered ferromagnetic compound Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 journal, January 1995

Deterministic transfer of two-dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping journal, April 2014

Magnetic ground state of semiconducting transition-metal trichalcogenide monolayers journal, June 2015

Magnetic stripes and skyrmions with helicity reversals journal, May 2012

Soliton-like magnetic domain wall motion induced by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction journal, November 2015

Title: Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr₂Ge₂Te₆

2D transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, June 2017

Van der Waals heterostructures
journal, July 2013

Valleytronics in 2D materials
journal, August 2016

Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene
journal, October 2015

2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
journal, July 2016

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
journal, May 2019

Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices
journal, February 2019

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics
journal, May 2019

Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials
journal, October 2018

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit
journal, June 2017

Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals
journal, April 2017

Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der Waals substrates
journal, February 2018

Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI3
journal, April 2018

Very large tunneling magnetoresistance in layered magnetic semiconductor CrI3
journal, June 2018

Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling
journal, May 2018

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures
journal, May 2018

Skyrmions on the track
journal, March 2013

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions
journal, December 2013

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications
journal, June 2017

Magnetic Bubble Materials
journal, August 1979

Variation of Topology in Magnetic Bubbles in a Colossal Magnetoresistive Manganite
journal, October 2016

Do Images of Biskyrmions Show Type‐II Bubbles?
journal, February 2019

Magnetic skyrmions: from fundamental to applications
journal, September 2016

Reconfigurable Skyrmion Logic Gates
journal, January 2018

Magnetic skyrmion-based synaptic devices
journal, January 2017

Solid-state single-photon emitters
journal, September 2016

Critical behavior of quasi-two-dimensional semiconducting ferromagnet ${Cr}_{2} {Ge}_{2} {Te}_{6}$
journal, August 2017

Crystallographic, magnetic and electronic structures of a new layered ferromagnetic compound Cr ₂ Ge ₂ Te ₆
journal, January 1995

Deterministic transfer of two-dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping
journal, April 2014

Magnetic ground state of semiconducting transition-metal trichalcogenide monolayers
journal, June 2015

Magnetic stripes and skyrmions with helicity reversals
journal, May 2012

Soliton-like magnetic domain wall motion induced by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
journal, November 2015