Direct gyrokinetic comparison of pedestal transport in JET with carbon and ITER-like walls
Abstract
Our work compares the gyrokinetic instabilities and transport in two representative JET pedestals, one (pulse 78697) from the JET configuration with a carbon wall (C) and another (pulse 92432) from after the installation of JET's ITER-like Wall (ILW). The discharges were selected for a comparison of JET-ILW and JET-C discharges with good confinement at high current (3 MA, corresponding also to low ρ*) and retain the distinguishing features of JET-C and JET-ILW, notably, decreased pedestal top temperature for JET-ILW. A comparison of the profiles and heating power reveals a stark qualitative difference between the discharges: the JET-ILW pulse (92432) requires twice the heating power, at a gas rate of 1.9 × 1022 e s-1, to sustain roughly half the temperature gradient of the JET-C pulse (78697), operated at zero gas rate. This points to heat transport as a central component of the dynamics limiting the JET-ILW pedestal and reinforces the following emerging JET-ILW pedestal transport paradigm, which is proposed for further examination by both theory and experiment. ILW conditions modify the density pedestal in ways that decrease the normalized pedestal density gradient a/L n , normally via an outward shift in relation to the temperature pedestal. This is attributable tomore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
- Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
- Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- Contributing Org.:
- JET Contributors
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1577625
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-04ER54742; SC0018429
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nuclear Fusion
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
- Publisher:
- IOP Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Hatch, D. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Mahajan, S. M., Merlo, G., Field, A. R., Giroud, C., Hillesheim, J. C., Maggi, C. F., Perez von Thun, C., Roach, C. M., and Saarelma, S. Direct gyrokinetic comparison of pedestal transport in JET with carbon and ITER-like walls. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab25bd.
Hatch, D. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Mahajan, S. M., Merlo, G., Field, A. R., Giroud, C., Hillesheim, J. C., Maggi, C. F., Perez von Thun, C., Roach, C. M., & Saarelma, S. Direct gyrokinetic comparison of pedestal transport in JET with carbon and ITER-like walls. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab25bd
Hatch, D. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Mahajan, S. M., Merlo, G., Field, A. R., Giroud, C., Hillesheim, J. C., Maggi, C. F., Perez von Thun, C., Roach, C. M., and Saarelma, S. Tue .
"Direct gyrokinetic comparison of pedestal transport in JET with carbon and ITER-like walls". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab25bd. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1577625.
@article{osti_1577625,
title = {Direct gyrokinetic comparison of pedestal transport in JET with carbon and ITER-like walls},
author = {Hatch, D. R. and Kotschenreuther, M. and Mahajan, S. M. and Merlo, G. and Field, A. R. and Giroud, C. and Hillesheim, J. C. and Maggi, C. F. and Perez von Thun, C. and Roach, C. M. and Saarelma, S.},
abstractNote = {Our work compares the gyrokinetic instabilities and transport in two representative JET pedestals, one (pulse 78697) from the JET configuration with a carbon wall (C) and another (pulse 92432) from after the installation of JET's ITER-like Wall (ILW). The discharges were selected for a comparison of JET-ILW and JET-C discharges with good confinement at high current (3 MA, corresponding also to low ρ*) and retain the distinguishing features of JET-C and JET-ILW, notably, decreased pedestal top temperature for JET-ILW. A comparison of the profiles and heating power reveals a stark qualitative difference between the discharges: the JET-ILW pulse (92432) requires twice the heating power, at a gas rate of 1.9 × 1022 e s-1, to sustain roughly half the temperature gradient of the JET-C pulse (78697), operated at zero gas rate. This points to heat transport as a central component of the dynamics limiting the JET-ILW pedestal and reinforces the following emerging JET-ILW pedestal transport paradigm, which is proposed for further examination by both theory and experiment. ILW conditions modify the density pedestal in ways that decrease the normalized pedestal density gradient a/L n , normally via an outward shift in relation to the temperature pedestal. This is attributable to some combination of direct metal wall effects and the need for increased fueling to mitigate tungsten contamination. The modification to the density profile increases η=Ln/Lγ, thereby producing more robust ion temperature gradient (ITG) and electron temperature gradient driven instability. The decreased pedestal gradients for JET-ILW (92432) also result in a strongly reduced E × B shear rate, further enhancing the ion scale turbulence. Collectively, these effects limit the pedestal temperature and demand more heating power to achieve good pedestal performance. Our simulations, consistent with basic theoretical arguments, find higher ITG turbulence, stronger stiffness, and higher pedestal transport in the ILW plasma at lower ρ*.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab25bd},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 8,
volume = 59,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
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Works referenced in this record:
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Pedestal confinement and stability in JET-ILW ELMy H-modes
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High frequency magnetic fluctuations correlated with the inter-ELM pedestal evolution in ASDEX Upgrade
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Edge microstability of NSTX plasmas without and with lithium-coated plasma-facing components
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Flow shear suppression of pedestal ion temperature gradient turbulence-A first principles theoretical framework
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Pedestal transport in H-mode plasmas for fusion gain
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MHD and gyro-kinetic stability of JET pedestals
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Pedestal stability comparison and ITER pedestal prediction
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Intermediate- k density and magnetic field fluctuations during inter-ELM pedestal evolution in MAST
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Investigation of inter-ELM ion heat transport in the H-mode pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas
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Gyrokinetic microinstabilities in ASDEX Upgrade edge plasmas
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A gyrokinetic perspective on the JET-ILW pedestal
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SOLPS modelling of ASDEX upgrade H-mode plasma
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- Chankin, A. V.; Coster, D. P.; Dux, R.
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Analysis of pedestal plasma transport
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System Size Effects on Gyrokinetic Turbulence
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Active spectroscopy measurements of the deuterium temperature, rotation, and density from the core to scrape off layer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited)
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Impact of wall materials and seeding gases on the pedestal and on core plasma performance
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Edge turbulence scaling with shear flow
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- Zhang, Y. Z.; Mahajan, S. M.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 6
Works referencing / citing this record:
Overview of the JET ITER-like Wall Project
journal, December 2010
- Philipps, V.; Mertens, Ph.; Matthews, G. F.
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 85, Issue 7-9
The global version of the gyrokinetic turbulence code GENE
journal, August 2011
- Görler, T.; Lapillonne, X.; Brunner, S.
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 230, Issue 18
Impact of wall materials and seeding gases on the pedestal and on core plasma performance
journal, August 2017
- Wolfrum, E.; Beurskens, M.; Dunne, M. G.
- Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 12
Gyrokinetic microinstabilities in ASDEX Upgrade edge plasmas
journal, October 2008
- Told, D.; Jenko, F.; Xanthopoulos, P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 10
Gyrokinetic turbulence under near-separatrix or nonaxisymmetric conditions
journal, May 2009
- Jenko, F.; Told, D.; Xanthopoulos, P.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Development and validation of a predictive model for the pedestal height
journal, May 2009
- Snyder, P. B.; Groebner, R. J.; Leonard, A. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Particle pinch and collisionality in gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak plasma turbulence
journal, June 2009
- Angioni, C.; Candy, J.; Fable, E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 6
Flux- and gradient-driven global gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak turbulence
journal, May 2011
- Görler, Tobias; Lapillonne, Xavier; Brunner, Stephan
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 5
Kinetic neoclassical transport in the H-mode pedestal
journal, July 2014
- Battaglia, D. J.; Burrell, K. H.; Chang, C. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Correlations between quasi-coherent fluctuations and the pedestal evolution during the inter-edge localized modes phase on DIII-Da)
journal, May 2015
- Diallo, A.; Groebner, R. J.; Rhodes, T. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
The effects of impurities and core pressure on pedestal stability in Joint European Torus (JET)a)
journal, May 2015
- Saarelma, S.; Järvinen, A.; Beurskens, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Active spectroscopy measurements of the deuterium temperature, rotation, and density from the core to scrape off layer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited)
journal, October 2018
- Haskey, S. R.; Grierson, B. A.; Stagner, L.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
Edge turbulence scaling with shear flow
journal, June 1992
- Zhang, Y. Z.; Mahajan, S. M.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 6
Correlation theory of a two‐dimensional plasma turbulence with shear flow
journal, July 1993
- Zhang, Y. Z.; Mahajan, S. M.
- Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 7
Field‐aligned coordinates for nonlinear simulations of tokamak turbulence
journal, August 1995
- Beer, M. A.; Cowley, S. C.; Hammett, G. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Electron temperature gradient driven turbulence
journal, May 2000
- Jenko, F.; Dorland, W.; Kotschenreuther, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Scaling laws for edge plasma parameters in ITER from two-dimensional edge modelling
journal, August 2003
- Kukushkin, A. S.; Pacher, H. D.; Pacher, G. W.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 8
Characterization of the H-mode edge barrier at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, July 2005
- Horton, L. D.; Chankin, A. V.; Chen, Y. P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 8
Pedestal stability comparison and ITER pedestal prediction
journal, July 2009
- Snyder, P. B.; Aiba, N.; Beurskens, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 8
Analysis of pedestal plasma transport
journal, May 2010
- Callen, J. D.; Groebner, R. J.; Osborne, T. H.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Simulations of density profiles, pellet fuelling and density control in ITER
journal, November 2011
- Garzotti, L.; Belo, P.; Corrigan, G.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 1
Off-diagonal particle and toroidal momentum transport: a survey of experimental, theoretical and modelling aspects
journal, October 2012
- Angioni, C.; Camenen, Y.; Casson, F. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 11
Edge microstability of NSTX plasmas without and with lithium-coated plasma-facing components
journal, September 2013
- Canik, J. M.; Guttenfelder, W.; Maingi, R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
Impact of nitrogen seeding on confinement and power load control of a high-triangularity JET ELMy H-mode plasma with a metal wall
journal, September 2013
- Giroud, C.; Maddison, G. P.; Jachmich, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11
MHD and gyro-kinetic stability of JET pedestals
journal, November 2013
- Saarelma, S.; Beurskens, M. N. A.; Dickinson, D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 12
High-accuracy characterization of the edge radial electric field at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, April 2013
- Viezzer, E.; Pütterich, T.; Conway, G. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 5
Confinement and edge studies towards low ρ * and ν * at JET
journal, June 2013
- Nunes, I.; Lomas, P. J.; McDonald, D. C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 7
First scenario development with the JET new ITER-like wall
journal, December 2013
- Joffrin, E.; Baruzzo, M.; Beurskens, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 1
The H-mode pedestal structure and its role on confinement in JET with a carbon and metal wall
journal, December 2014
- Leyland, M. J.; Beurskens, M. N. A.; Frassinetti, L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Pedestal confinement and stability in JET-ILW ELMy H-modes
journal, September 2015
- Maggi, C. F.; Saarelma, S.; Casson, F. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 11
Gyrokinetic study of ASDEX Upgrade inter-ELM pedestal profile evolution
journal, May 2015
- Hatch, D. R.; Told, D.; Jenko, F.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 6
Microtearing turbulence limiting the JET-ILW pedestal
journal, August 2016
- Hatch, D. R.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 10
Investigation of inter-ELM ion heat transport in the H-mode pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas
journal, October 2016
- Viezzer, E.; Fable, E.; Cavedon, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 2
Washboard modes as ELM-related events in JET
journal, November 2003
- Perez, C. P.; Koslowski, H. R.; Hender, T. C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 46, Issue 1
SOLPS modelling of ASDEX upgrade H-mode plasma
journal, May 2006
- Chankin, A. V.; Coster, D. P.; Dux, R.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 6
Effects of impurities on electron temperature gradient modes
journal, September 2008
- Reshko, M.; Roach, C. M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 11
Local and global Fokker–Planck neoclassical calculations showing flow and bootstrap current modification in a pedestal
journal, October 2012
- Landreman, Matt; Ernst, Darin R.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 11
Progress at JET in integrating ITER-relevant core and edge plasmas within the constraints of an ITER-like wall
journal, February 2015
- Giroud, C.; Jachmich, S.; Jacquet, P.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 3
Intermediate- k density and magnetic field fluctuations during inter-ELM pedestal evolution in MAST
journal, November 2015
- Hillesheim, J. C.; Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Plasma confinement at JET
journal, December 2015
- Nunes, I.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1
High frequency magnetic fluctuations correlated with the inter-ELM pedestal evolution in ASDEX Upgrade
journal, May 2016
- Laggner, F. M.; Wolfrum, E.; Cavedon, M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 6
The response of toroidal drift modes to profile evolution: a model for small-ELMs in tokamak plasmas?
journal, June 2016
- Bokshi, A.; Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7
Dimensionless scalings of confinement, heat transport and pedestal stability in JET-ILW and comparison with JET-C
journal, October 2016
- Frassinetti, L.; Saarelma, S.; Lomas, P.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1
Non-local effects on pedestal kinetic ballooning mode stability
journal, April 2017
- Saarelma, S.; Martin-Collar, J.; Dickinson, D.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6
Analysis of ELM stability with extended MHD models in JET, JT-60U and future JT-60SA tokamak plasmas
journal, November 2017
- Aiba, N.; Pamela, S.; Honda, M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1
Flow shear suppression of pedestal ion temperature gradient turbulence-A first principles theoretical framework
journal, June 2018
- Hatch, D. R.; Hazeltine, R. D.; Kotschenreuther, M. K.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 8
Main ion and impurity edge profile evolution across the L- to H-mode transition on DIII-D
journal, August 2018
- Haskey, S. R.; Grierson, B. A.; Chrystal, C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10
A gyrokinetic perspective on the JET-ILW pedestal
journal, January 2017
- Hatch, D. R.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 3
Overview of the JET results in support to ITER
journal, June 2017
- Litaudon, X.; Abduallev, S.; Abhangi, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 10
Pedestal transport in H-mode plasmas for fusion gain
journal, April 2017
- Kotschenreuther, M.; Hatch, D. R.; Mahajan, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 6
Studies of the pedestal structure and inter-ELM pedestal evolution in JET with the ITER-like wall
journal, August 2017
- Maggi, C. F.; Frassinetti, L.; Horvath, L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11
Gyrokinetic projection of the divertor heat-flux width from present tokamaks to ITER
journal, August 2017
- Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.; Loarte, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11
Pedestal evolution physics in low triangularity JET tokamak discharges with ITER-like wall
journal, November 2017
- Bowman, C.; Dickinson, D.; Horvath, L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Effect of the relative shift between the electron density and temperature pedestal position on the pedestal stability in JET-ILW and comparison with JET-C
journal, March 2018
- Stefanikova, E.; Frassinetti, L.; Saarelma, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5
System Size Effects on Gyrokinetic Turbulence
journal, October 2010
- McMillan, B. F.; Lapillonne, X.; Brunner, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 15
Kinetic Instabilities that Limit in the Edge of a Tokamak Plasma: A Picture of an -Mode Pedestal
journal, March 2012
- Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.; Saarelma, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 13
Observation of Edge Instability Limiting the Pedestal Growth in Tokamak Plasmas
journal, March 2014
- Diallo, A.; Hughes, J. W.; Greenwald, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 11
Regime of Improved Confinement and High Beta in Neutral-Beam-Heated Divertor Discharges of the ASDEX Tokamak
journal, November 1982
- Wagner, F.; Becker, G.; Behringer, K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 49, Issue 19
Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium–tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
journal, August 2019
- Joffrin, E.; Abduallev, S.; Abhangi, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11