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Title: RF design of APEX2 two-cell continuous-wave normal conducting photoelectron gun cavity based on multi-objective genetic algorithm

Abstract

High brightness, high repetition rate electron beams are key components for optimizing the performance of next generation scientific instruments, such as MHz-class X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Ultra-fast Electron Diffraction/Microscopy (UED/UEM). In the Advanced Photo-injector EXperiment (APEX)at Berkeley Lab, a photoelectron gun based on a 185.7 MHz normal conducting re-entrant RF cavity, has been proven to be a feasible solution to provide high brightness, high repetition rate electron beam for both XFEL and UED/UEM. Based on the success of APEX, a new electron gun system, named APEX2, has been under development to further improve the electron beam brightness. For APEX2, we have designed a new 162.5 MHz two-cell photoelectron gun and achieved a significant increase on the cathode launching field and the beam exit energy. For a fixed charge per bunch, these improvements will allow for the emittance reduction and hence to an increased beam brightness. The design of APEX2 gun cavity is a complex problem with multiple design goals and restrictions, some even competing each other. In conclusion, for a systematic and comprehensive search for the optimized cavity geometry, we have developed and implemented a novel optimization method based on the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA).

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1559246
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1776908
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 940; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; Photoelectron RF gun; RF cavity design; Multi-objective genetic algorithm

Citation Formats

Luo, T., Feng, H., Filippetto, D., Johnson, M., Lambert, A., Li, D., Mitchell, C., Sannibale, F., Staples, J., Virostek, S., and Wells, R. RF design of APEX2 two-cell continuous-wave normal conducting photoelectron gun cavity based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.079.
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Luo, T., Feng, H., Filippetto, D., Johnson, M., Lambert, A., Li, D., Mitchell, C., Sannibale, F., Staples, J., Virostek, S., & Wells, R. RF design of APEX2 two-cell continuous-wave normal conducting photoelectron gun cavity based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.079
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Luo, T., Feng, H., Filippetto, D., Johnson, M., Lambert, A., Li, D., Mitchell, C., Sannibale, F., Staples, J., Virostek, S., and Wells, R. Tue . "RF design of APEX2 two-cell continuous-wave normal conducting photoelectron gun cavity based on multi-objective genetic algorithm". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.079. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1559246.
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@article{osti_1559246,
title = {RF design of APEX2 two-cell continuous-wave normal conducting photoelectron gun cavity based on multi-objective genetic algorithm},
author = {Luo, T. and Feng, H. and Filippetto, D. and Johnson, M. and Lambert, A. and Li, D. and Mitchell, C. and Sannibale, F. and Staples, J. and Virostek, S. and Wells, R.},
abstractNote = {High brightness, high repetition rate electron beams are key components for optimizing the performance of next generation scientific instruments, such as MHz-class X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Ultra-fast Electron Diffraction/Microscopy (UED/UEM). In the Advanced Photo-injector EXperiment (APEX)at Berkeley Lab, a photoelectron gun based on a 185.7 MHz normal conducting re-entrant RF cavity, has been proven to be a feasible solution to provide high brightness, high repetition rate electron beam for both XFEL and UED/UEM. Based on the success of APEX, a new electron gun system, named APEX2, has been under development to further improve the electron beam brightness. For APEX2, we have designed a new 162.5 MHz two-cell photoelectron gun and achieved a significant increase on the cathode launching field and the beam exit energy. For a fixed charge per bunch, these improvements will allow for the emittance reduction and hence to an increased beam brightness. The design of APEX2 gun cavity is a complex problem with multiple design goals and restrictions, some even competing each other. In conclusion, for a systematic and comprehensive search for the optimized cavity geometry, we have developed and implemented a novel optimization method based on the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA).},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.079},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 940,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.079
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Works referenced in this record:

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Proposed design and optimization of a higher harmonic cavity for ALS-U
    journal, January 2020

    • Feng, H.; De Santis, S.; Baptiste, K.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 91, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5135955
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