Title: A self-consistent method to assess air quality co-benefits from U.S. climate policies

Abstract

Air quality co-benefits can possibly reduce the costs of greenhouse gas mitigation. However, whereas many studies of the cost of greenhouse gas mitigation model the macroeconomic welfare impacts of mitigation, most studies of air quality co-benefits do not. We enable a U.S. computable general equilibrium economic model previously linked to an air quality modeling system and enhance it to represent the economy-wide welfare impacts of fine particulate matter. We introduce a first application of this method to explore the efficiency and distributional implications of a Clean Energy Standard (CES) and a Cap and Trade (CAT) program that both reduce CO₂ emissions by 10% in 2030 relative to 2006. We find that co-benefits from fine particulate matter reduction (median $$\$$$$6; $$\$$$$2 to $$\$$$$10/tCO₂) completely offset policy costs by 110% (40% to 190%), transforming the net welfare impact of the CAT into a gain of $$\$$$$1 (-$$\$$$$5 to $$\$$$$7) billion 2005 $$\$$$$. For the CES, the corresponding co-benefit (median $$\$$$$8; $$\$$$$3 to $$\$$$$14/tCO₂) is a smaller fraction (median 5%; 2% to 9%) of its higher policy cost. The eastern United States garners 78% and 71% of co-benefits for the CES and CAT, respectively. By representing the effects of pollution-related morbidities and mortalities as an impact to labor and the demand for health services, we find that the welfare impact per unit of reduced pollution varies by region. These interregional differences can enhance the preference of some regions, such as Texas, for a CAT over a CES, or switch the calculation of which policy yields higher co-benefits, compared with an approach that uses one valuation for all regions. This framework could be applied to quantify consistent air quality impacts of other pricing instruments, subnational trading programs, or green tax swaps.

Authors:

Saari, Rebecca K. ^[1]; Selin, Noelle E. ^[1]; Rausch, Sebastian ^[2]; Thompson, Tammy M. ^[3]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
2. ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
3. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Publication Date:

Fri Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:

1557631

Grant/Contract Number:  

FG02-94ER61937

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 65; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1096-2247

Publisher:

Taylor and Francis

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES