Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3

Koirala, Pratik; Steele, Elizabeth; Gulec, Ahmet; Marks, Laurence

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.015

Title: Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO₃

Abstract

Lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO₃) has garnered significant interests since the discovery of a 2D electron gas at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface. Here in this work, the (110) surface of LaAlO₃ was studied using a combination of transmission electron microscopy plan and profile imaging, image simulation, electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Profile imaging of the (110) surface was performed on a (111) oriented single crystalline sample with an Al rich surface. Our results indicate that high annealing temperatures (1000–1300°C) commonly used in preparing well ordered, flat surfaces of LaAlO₃ result in Al rich surfaces. The (110) surface was found to be single layered AlO_x with a (2 × 1) reconstruction. Angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the (2 × 1) surface structure was not hydrated. Convex hull construction of surface enthalpies as a function of excess AlO_1.5 on the (110) surface was done using density functional theory calculations.

Authors:

^[1]; Steele, Elizabeth ^[1]; Gulec, Ahmet ^[1]; Marks, Laurence ^[1]

Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1609369

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1548146

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-01ER45945; FG02 01ER45945

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Surface Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 677; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0039-6028

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; surface reconstruction; density functional theory; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; lanthanum aluminate

Citation Formats


                    Koirala, Pratik, Steele, Elizabeth, Gulec, Ahmet, and Marks, Laurence. Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.015.

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                    Koirala, Pratik, Steele, Elizabeth, Gulec, Ahmet, & Marks, Laurence. Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.015

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                    Koirala, Pratik, Steele, Elizabeth, Gulec, Ahmet, and Marks, Laurence. Sat .  
"Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.015.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1609369.

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@article{osti_1609369,

  title        = {Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3},

  author       = {Koirala, Pratik and Steele, Elizabeth and Gulec, Ahmet and Marks, Laurence},

  abstractNote = {Lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) has garnered significant interests since the discovery of a 2D electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Here in this work, the (110) surface of LaAlO3 was studied using a combination of transmission electron microscopy plan and profile imaging, image simulation, electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Profile imaging of the (110) surface was performed on a (111) oriented single crystalline sample with an Al rich surface. Our results indicate that high annealing temperatures (1000–1300°C) commonly used in preparing well ordered, flat surfaces of LaAlO3 result in Al rich surfaces. The (110) surface was found to be single layered AlOx with a (2 × 1) reconstruction. Angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the (2 × 1) surface structure was not hydrated. Convex hull construction of surface enthalpies as a function of excess AlO1.5 on the (110) surface was done using density functional theory calculations.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.015},

  journal      = {Surface Science},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 677,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Sat Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO3

Abstract

Citation Formats

High mobility conduction at (110) and (111) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces journal, October 2012

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal, October 1996

Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the temperature-dependent termination of the LaAlO3(100) surface journal, November 1998

Structural investigation of the LaAlO3(110) surface journal, November 2008

Surface determination through atomically resolved secondary-electron imaging journal, June 2015

Surface Reconstruction with a Fractional Hole: ( 5 × 5 ) R 26.6 ° LaAlO 3 (001) journal, February 2007

Synthesis-Dependent Atomic Surface Structures of Oxide Nanoparticles journal, October 2013

Advanced synthesis techniques and routes to new single-phase multiferroics journal, October 2012

Water adsorption on SrTiO3(001): II. Water, water, everywhere journal, May 2012

A chemical approach to understanding oxide surfaces journal, February 2012

Transition from Reconstruction toward Thin Film on the (110) Surface of Strontium Titanate journal, March 2016

Thermal stimulation of the surface termination of LaAlO3{100} journal, January 1998

X-ray truncation rod analysis of the reversible temperature-dependent [001] surface structure of LaAlO3 journal, November 2001

Steps and facets on annealed LaAlO3{100} and {110} surfaces journal, July 1996

Complex surface structure of (110) terminated strontium titanate nanododecahedra journal, January 2016

Electronic phase separation at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface journal, February 2011

Fixed-Point Optimization of Atoms and Density in DFT journal, May 2013

Climbing the Density Functional Ladder: Nonempirical Meta–Generalized Gradient Approximation Designed for Molecules and Solids journal, September 2003

Lanthanum aluminate (110) 3 × 1 surface reconstruction journal, March 2015

An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sputter profile study of the native air-formed oxide film on titanium journal, April 1999

Time, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure-dependent surface reconstructions on SrTiO3(111): A systematic study of oxygen-rich conditions journal, September 2008

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface journal, January 2004

Water adsorption on SrTiO3(001): I. Experimental and simulated STM journal, April 2012

Stabilities of the Intrinsic Defects on SrTiO 3 Surface and SrTiO 3 /LaAlO 3 Interface journal, November 2012

The scattering of electrons by atoms and crystals. I. A new theoretical approach journal, October 1957

Tailoring LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Interface Metallicity by Oxygen Surface Adsorbates journal, March 2016

c(4 × 2) and related structural units on the SrTiO 3 (001) surface: Scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory, and atomic structure journal, June 2012

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Numerical evaluations of N -beam wave functions in electron scattering by the multi-slice method journal, March 1974

Title: Al rich (111) and (110) surfaces of LaAlO₃

High mobility conduction at (110) and (111) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
journal, October 2012

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the temperature-dependent termination of the LaAlO3(100) surface
journal, November 1998

Structural investigation of the LaAlO3(110) surface
journal, November 2008

Surface determination through atomically resolved secondary-electron imaging
journal, June 2015

Surface Reconstruction with a Fractional Hole: $(\sqrt{5} \times \sqrt{5}) R 26.6 °$ ${LaAlO}_{3}$ (001)
journal, February 2007

Synthesis-Dependent Atomic Surface Structures of Oxide Nanoparticles
journal, October 2013

Advanced synthesis techniques and routes to new single-phase multiferroics
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journal, May 2012

A chemical approach to understanding oxide surfaces
journal, February 2012

Transition from Reconstruction toward Thin Film on the (110) Surface of Strontium Titanate
journal, March 2016

Thermal stimulation of the surface termination of LaAlO3{100}
journal, January 1998

X-ray truncation rod analysis of the reversible temperature-dependent [001] surface structure of LaAlO3
journal, November 2001

Steps and facets on annealed LaAlO3{100} and {110} surfaces
journal, July 1996

Complex surface structure of (110) terminated strontium titanate nanododecahedra
journal, January 2016

Electronic phase separation at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
journal, February 2011

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journal, May 2013

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journal, September 2003

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journal, January 2004

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journal, April 2012

Stabilities of the Intrinsic Defects on SrTiO 3 Surface and SrTiO 3 /LaAlO 3 Interface
journal, November 2012

The scattering of electrons by atoms and crystals. I. A new theoretical approach
journal, October 1957

Tailoring LaAlO ₃ /SrTiO ₃ Interface Metallicity by Oxygen Surface Adsorbates
journal, March 2016

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