Simulating Surface and Subsurface Water Balance Changes Due to Burn Severity
Abstract
Forest fires have a significant impact on hydrology, such as reduced infiltration rates leading to increased flooding. However, post-fire water balance changes and the competing hydrologic response of increased runoff and evapotranspiration as a function of burn severity are not well understood. Comparing pre- and post-fire water balance changes is challenging because measurements of fire-disturbed landscapes with the previously undisturbed character are impractical due to non-repetitive observational conditions. We used a physically based modeling experiment to incorporate burn severity data from the Las Conchas fire to approximate model parameterization to evaluate continuous water balance progression for pre- and post-fire simulations using the same forcing conditions. Fire disturbance decreased evapotranspiration and increased overland flow response to precipitation events. The reduction of evapotranspiration often dominated the new water balance compared with the increase in overland flow, resulting in higher soil moisture. However, this modeling experiment also identified a tipping point where increased overland flow from high burn severity sites eclipses the effect of reduced evapotranspiration on the water balance, causing comparatively drier post-fire soils. In particular, high burn severity sites approach a threshold that results in larger changes to overland flow than changes in evapotranspiration, potentially moving the site to an overlandmore »
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- San Diego State Univ., CA (United States)
- California State Univ. (CalState), Long Beach, CA (United States)
- Bandelier National Monument, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1544718
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-18-26917
Journal ID: ISSN 1539-1663
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Vadose Zone Journal
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1539-1663
- Publisher:
- Soil Science Society of America
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Earth Sciences
Citation Formats
Atchley, Adam L., Kinoshita, Alicia M., Lopez, Sonya R., Trader, Laura, and Middleton, Richard. Simulating Surface and Subsurface Water Balance Changes Due to Burn Severity. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.2136/vzj2018.05.0099.
Atchley, Adam L., Kinoshita, Alicia M., Lopez, Sonya R., Trader, Laura, & Middleton, Richard. Simulating Surface and Subsurface Water Balance Changes Due to Burn Severity. United States. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.05.0099
Atchley, Adam L., Kinoshita, Alicia M., Lopez, Sonya R., Trader, Laura, and Middleton, Richard. Thu .
"Simulating Surface and Subsurface Water Balance Changes Due to Burn Severity". United States. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.05.0099. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1544718.
@article{osti_1544718,
title = {Simulating Surface and Subsurface Water Balance Changes Due to Burn Severity},
author = {Atchley, Adam L. and Kinoshita, Alicia M. and Lopez, Sonya R. and Trader, Laura and Middleton, Richard},
abstractNote = {Forest fires have a significant impact on hydrology, such as reduced infiltration rates leading to increased flooding. However, post-fire water balance changes and the competing hydrologic response of increased runoff and evapotranspiration as a function of burn severity are not well understood. Comparing pre- and post-fire water balance changes is challenging because measurements of fire-disturbed landscapes with the previously undisturbed character are impractical due to non-repetitive observational conditions. We used a physically based modeling experiment to incorporate burn severity data from the Las Conchas fire to approximate model parameterization to evaluate continuous water balance progression for pre- and post-fire simulations using the same forcing conditions. Fire disturbance decreased evapotranspiration and increased overland flow response to precipitation events. The reduction of evapotranspiration often dominated the new water balance compared with the increase in overland flow, resulting in higher soil moisture. However, this modeling experiment also identified a tipping point where increased overland flow from high burn severity sites eclipses the effect of reduced evapotranspiration on the water balance, causing comparatively drier post-fire soils. In particular, high burn severity sites approach a threshold that results in larger changes to overland flow than changes in evapotranspiration, potentially moving the site to an overland flow dominated regime. The shifts in water balance components have implications for how site conditions will change under a range of burn severity scenarios.},
doi = {10.2136/vzj2018.05.0099},
journal = {Vadose Zone Journal},
number = 1,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Intra- and interannual variations of transpiration, leaf area index and radial growth of a sessile oak stand (Quercus petraea)
journal, January 1996
- Bréda, N.; Granier, A.
- Annales des Sciences Forestières, Vol. 53, Issue 2-3
Seed Germination as Affected by Soil Moisture and Salinity 1
journal, February 1952
- Ayers, A. D.
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Quantifying the effects of subsurface heterogeneity on hillslope runoff using a stochastic approach
journal, July 2011
- Meyerhoff, Steven B.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 8
Spatial and temporal evapotranspiration trends after wildfire in semi-arid landscapes
journal, April 2018
- Poon, Patrick K.; Kinoshita, Alicia M.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 559
Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire
journal, January 2008
- Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.; Haire, Sandra L.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 22, Issue 13
Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA
journal, January 2001
- Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, Issue 15
Hyper-dry conditions provide new insights into the cause of extreme floods after wildfire
journal, June 2012
- Moody, John A.; Ebel, Brian A.
- CATENA, Vol. 93
Comparison of soil infiltration rates in burned and unburned mountainous watersheds
journal, January 2001
- Martin, Deborah A.; Moody, John A.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, Issue 15
Carbon Dynamics of Rocky Mountain Douglas-Fir: Influence of Water and Nutrient Availability
journal, February 1992
- Gower, Stith T.; Vogt, Kristiina A.; Grier, Charles C.
- Ecological Monographs, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Hydrologic effects of large southwestern USA wildfires significantly increase regional water supply: fact or fiction?
journal, August 2016
- Wine, M. L.; Cadol, D.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Variability and persistence of hillslope initial conditions: A continuous perspective on subsurface flow response to rain events
journal, July 2011
- Kampf, Stephanie K.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 404, Issue 3-4
First-year post-fire erosion rates in Bitterroot National Forest, Montana
journal, January 2007
- Spigel, Kevin M.; Robichaud, Peter R.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 21, Issue 8
Influences of subsurface heterogeneity and vegetation cover on soil moisture, surface temperature and evapotranspiration at hillslope scales
journal, January 2011
- Atchley, Adam L.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Mountain pine beetle infestation impacts: modeling water and energy budgets at the hill-slope scale: PINE BEETLE IMPACTS ON THE WATER AND ENERGY BUDGET
journal, December 2011
- Mikkelson, K. M.; Maxwell, R. M.; Ferguson, I.
- Ecohydrology, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Likely effects of land use changes on the runoff and aquifer recharge in a semiarid landscape using a hydrological model
journal, June 2001
- Bellot, J.; Bonet, A.; Sanchez, J. R.
- Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Soil water dynamics after fire in a Portuguese shrubland
journal, January 2006
- Silva, Joaquim S.; Rego, Francisco C.; Mazzoleni, Stefano
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Wildfire and the Future of Water Supply
journal, July 2014
- Bladon, Kevin D.; Emelko, Monica B.; Silins, Uldis
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 16
Causes of Post-Fire Runoff and Erosion: Water Repellency, Cover, or Soil Sealing?
journal, January 2009
- Larsen, Isaac J.; MacDonald, Lee H.; Brown, Ethan
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 73, Issue 4
Germination, survival, and growth of grass and forb seedlings: Effects of soil moisture variability
journal, September 2009
- Fay, Philip A.; Schultz, Megan J.
- Acta Oecologica, Vol. 35, Issue 5
Response of plant functional types to changes in the fire regime in Mediterranean ecosystems: A simulation approach
journal, October 1999
- Pausas, Juli G.
- Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5
Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes
journal, July 2013
- Moody, John A.; Shakesby, Richard A.; Robichaud, Peter R.
- Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 122
Soil water balance as affected by throughfall in gorse (Ulex europaeus, L.) shrubland after burning
journal, August 1997
- Soto, Benedicto; Diaz-Fierros, Francisco
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 195, Issue 1-4
Climatic constraints on trait-based forest assembly: Climatic constraints on forest assembly
journal, September 2011
- Laughlin, Daniel C.; Fulé, Peter Z.; Huffman, David W.
- Journal of Ecology, Vol. 99, Issue 6
Hydrological properties of duff: HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DUFF
journal, May 2009
- Raaflaub, Lynn; Valeo, Caterina
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 45, Issue 5
Persistent effects of fire-induced vegetation change on energy partitioning and evapotranspiration in ponderosa pine forests
journal, March 2009
- Montes-Helu, M. C.; Kolb, T.; Dore, S.
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 149, Issue 3-4
Estimation of the van Genuchten Soil Water Retention Properties from Soil Textural Data
journal, August 2010
- Ghanbarian-Alavijeh, B.; Liaghat, A.; Huang, Guan-Hua
- Pedosphere, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils: INFILTRATION IN FIRE-AFFECTED SOILS
journal, June 2013
- Moody, John A.; Ebel, Brian A.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 28, Issue 9
Wildfire, water, and society: Toward integrative research in the “Anthropocene”
journal, December 2016
- Kinoshita, Alicia M.; Chin, Anne; Simon, Gregory L.
- Anthropocene, Vol. 16
A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States
journal, April 2016
- Littell, Jeremy S.; Peterson, David L.; Riley, Karin L.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 7
Mapping burned areas and burn severity patterns in SW Australian eucalypt forest using remotely-sensed changes in leaf area index
journal, December 2008
- Boer, M.; Macfarlane, C.; Norris, J.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 112, Issue 12
Integrated surface–groundwater flow modeling: A free-surface overland flow boundary condition in a parallel groundwater flow model
journal, July 2006
- Kollet, Stefan J.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 29, Issue 7
Evapotranspiration and soil Moisture Dynamics on a Semiarid Ponderosa pine Hillslope
journal, October 2000
- Brandes, David; Wilcox, Bradford P.
- Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 36, Issue 5
Estimating Generalized Soil-water Characteristics from Texture1
journal, January 1986
- Saxton, K. E.; Rawls, W. J.; Romberger, J. S.
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 50, Issue 4
A terrain-following grid transform and preconditioner for parallel, large-scale, integrated hydrologic modeling
journal, March 2013
- Maxwell, Reed M.
- Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 53
The effects of soil texture and ash thickness on the post-fire hydrological response from ash-covered soils
journal, November 2010
- Woods, Scott W.; Balfour, Victoria N.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 393, Issue 3-4
Effects of root water uptake formulation on simulated water and energy budgets at local and basin scales
journal, February 2016
- Ferguson, Ian M.; Jefferson, Jennifer L.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol. 75, Issue 4
Ecohydrological controls of soil evaporation in deciduous drylands: How the hierarchical effects of litter, patch and vegetation mosaic cover interact with phenology and season
journal, May 2010
- Villegas, Juan Camilo; Breshears, David D.; Zou, Chris B.
- Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 74, Issue 5
Soil surface changes increase runoff and erosion risk after a low–moderate severity fire
journal, February 2015
- Stoof, Cathelijne R.; Ferreira, António J. D.; Mol, Wouter
- Geoderma, Vol. 239-240
At the nexus of fire, water and society
journal, June 2016
- Martin, Deborah A.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 371, Issue 1696
Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. V. Biomass, Production, and Diversity along the Elevation Gradient
journal, July 1975
- Whittaker, R. H.; Niering, W. A.
- Ecology, Vol. 56, Issue 4
Comparing nondestructive measures of forage structure and phytomass
journal, July 2000
- Olson, B. E.; Wallander, R. T.; Beaver, J. M.
- Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Vol. 80, Issue 3
Soil moisture variation and dynamics across a wildfire burn boundary in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest
journal, November 2014
- Cardenas, M. Bayani; Kanarek, Michael R.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 519
Increased dry season water yield in burned watersheds in Southern California
journal, January 2015
- Kinoshita, Alicia M.; Hogue, Terri S.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Effects of fire severity and burn patchiness on hillslope-scale surface runoff, erosion and hydrologic connectivity in a prescribed burn
journal, December 2013
- Cawson, J. G.; Sheridan, G. J.; Smith, H. G.
- Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 310
Extreme water quality degradation following a catastrophic forest fire
journal, March 2015
- Dahm, Clifford N.; Candelaria-Ley, Roxanne I.; Reale, Chelsea S.
- Freshwater Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 12
Infiltration in Arid Environments: Spatial Patterns between Subsurface Heterogeneity and Water-Energy Balances
journal, January 2010
- Maxwell, Reed M.
- Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Forest fire occurrence and climate change in Canada
journal, January 2010
- Wotton, B. M.; Nock, C. A.; Flannigan, M. D.
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
journal, August 2006
- Westerling, A. L.
- Science, Vol. 313, Issue 5789
Assessment of post-fire changes in land surface temperature and surface albedo, and their relation with fire - burn severity using multitemporal MODIS imagery
journal, January 2012
- Veraverbeke, Sander; Verstraeten, Willem W.; Lhermitte, Stefaan
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 21, Issue 3
Driving forces of global wildfires over the past millennium and the forthcoming century
journal, October 2010
- Pechony, O.; Shindell, D. T.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 45
Relationships between stem diameter, sapwood area, leaf area and transpiration in a young mountain ash forest
journal, September 1995
- Vertessy, R. A.; Benyon, R. G.; O'Sullivan, S. K.
- Tree Physiology, Vol. 15, Issue 9
Surface runoff and erosion after prescribed burning and the effect of different fire regimes in forests and shrublands: a review
journal, January 2012
- Cawson, J. G.; Sheridan, G. J.; Smith, H. G.
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Spatial and temporal controls on post-fire hydrologic recovery in Southern California watersheds
journal, November 2011
- Kinoshita, Alicia M.; Hogue, Terri S.
- CATENA, Vol. 87, Issue 2
Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range
journal, June 2015
- Ebel, Brian A.; Rengers, Francis K.; Tucker, Gregory E.
- Geology, Vol. 43, Issue 8
Debris-flow generation from recently burned watersheds
journal, November 2001
- Cannon, Susan H.
- Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Estimation of Soil Water Properties
journal, January 1982
- W. J. Rawls,
- Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 25, Issue 5
A Parallel Multigrid Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Groundwater Flow Simulations
journal, September 1996
- Ashby, Steven F.; Falgout, Robert D.
- Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol. 124, Issue 1
Global synthesis of leaf area index observations: implications for ecological and remote sensing studies: Global leaf area index
journal, April 2003
- Asner, Gregory P.; Scurlock, Jonathan M. O.; A. Hicke, Jeffrey
- Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 12, Issue 3
Plant parameter values for models in temperate climates
journal, November 2003
- Breuer, Lutz; Eckhardt, Klaus; Frede, Hans-Georg
- Ecological Modelling, Vol. 169, Issue 2-3
Conditions for generation of fire-related debris flows, Capulin Canyon, New Mexico
journal, January 2000
- Cannon, Susan H.; Reneau, Steven L.
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 25, Issue 10
Fire effects on net radiation and energy partitioning: Contrasting responses of tundra and boreal forest ecosystems
journal, January 2005
- Chambers, S. D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue D9
The Common Land Model
journal, August 2003
- Dai, Yongjiu; Zeng, Xubin; Dickinson, Robert E.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 84, Issue 8
The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments: a review
journal, May 2000
- DeBano, L. F.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 231-232
Simulated unsaturated flow processes after wildfire and interactions with slope aspect: SIMULATED UNSATURATED FLOW PROCESSES AFTER WILDFIRE
journal, December 2013
- Ebel, Brian A.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 49, Issue 12
Observed and simulated hydrologic response for a first-order catchment during extreme rainfall 3 years after wildfire disturbance: HYDROLOGY DURING RAINFALL AFTER FIRE
journal, December 2016
- Ebel, Brian A.; Rengers, Francis K.; Tucker, Gregory E.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 52, Issue 12
Evaluation of simple to complex parameterizations of bare ground evaporation: EVALUATION OF EVAPORATION PARAMETERIZATIONS
journal, July 2015
- Jefferson, Jennifer L.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Exploring the Sensitivity of Photosynthesis and Stomatal Resistance Parameters in a Land Surface Model
journal, March 2017
- Jefferson, Jennifer L.; Maxwell, Reed M.; Constantine, Paul G.
- Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Newton–Krylov-multigrid solvers for large-scale, highly heterogeneous, variably saturated flow problems
journal, July 2001
- Jones, Jim E.; Woodward, Carol S.
- Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 24, Issue 7
Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage
journal, January 2009
- Keeley, Jon E.
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Capturing the influence of groundwater dynamics on land surface processes using an integrated, distributed watershed model: INFLUENCE OF GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS ON LAND
journal, February 2008
- Kollet, Stefan J.; Maxwell, Reed M.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Development of a Coupled Land Surface and Groundwater Model
journal, June 2005
- Maxwell, Reed M.; Miller, Norman L.
- Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 6, Issue 3
An analysis of the effects of spatial variability of soil and soil moisture on runoff
journal, December 1997
- Merz, Bruno; Plate, Erich J.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 33, Issue 12
Relations between soil hydraulic properties and burn severity
journal, January 2016
- Moody, John A.; Ebel, Brian A.; Nyman, Petter
- International Journal of Wildland Fire, Vol. 25, Issue 3
Fire effects on infiltration rates after prescribed fire in Northern Rocky Mountain forests, USA
journal, May 2000
- Robichaud, P. R.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 231-232
The essential value of long-term experimental data for hydrology and water management: LONG-TERM DATA IN HYDROLOGY
journal, April 2017
- Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Carey, Sean K.; McNamara, James P.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 53, Issue 4
High resilience of the mycorrhizal community to prescribed seasonal burnings in eastern Mediterranean woodlands
journal, January 2021
- Livne-Luzon, Stav; Shemesh, Hagai; Osem, Yagil
- Mycorrhiza, Vol. 31, Issue 2
Hydrologic Effects of Large Southwestern usa Wildfires Significantly Increase Regional Water Supply: fact or Fiction?
conference, January 2016
- Wine, Michael Louis; Cadol, Daniel
- GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
Estimating Generalized Soil-water Characteristics from Texture
journal, July 1986
- Saxton, K. E.; Rawls, W. J.; Romberger, J. S.
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Works referencing / citing this record:
Climate-driven disturbances in the San Juan River sub-basin of the Colorado River
journal, January 2018
- Bennett, Katrina E.; Bohn, Theodore J.; Solander, Kurt
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Progress in simplifying hydrologic model parameterization for broad applications to post‐wildfire flooding and debris‐flow hazards
journal, November 2019
- Rengers, F. K.; McGuire, L. A.; Kean, J. W.
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 44, Issue 15
Estimating Evapotranspiration in a Post-Fire Environment Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
journal, November 2018
- Poon, Patrick; Kinoshita, Alicia
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 11