Measurements of Tropospheric Ice Clouds with a Ground-based CMB Polarization Experiment, POLARBEAR

Takakura, S.; Aguilar-Faúndez, M. A.  O.; Akiba, Y.; Arnold, K.; Baccigalupi, C.; Barron, D.; Beck, D.; Bianchini, F.; Boettger, D.; Borrill, J.; Cheung, K.; Chinone, Y.; Elleflot, T.; Errard, J.; Fabbian, G.; Feng, C.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Hamada, T.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Howe, L.; Kaneko, D.; Katayama, N.; Keating, B.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.; Krachmalnicoff, N.; Kusaka, A.; Lee, A. T.; Lowry, L. N.; Matsuda, F. T.; May, A. J.; Minami, Y.; Navaroli, M.; Nishino, H.; Piccirillo, L.; Poletti, D.; Puglisi, G.; Reichardt, C. L.; Segawa, Y.; Silva-Feaver, M.; Siritanasak, P.; Suzuki, A.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.; Tanabe, D.; Teply, G. P.; Tsai, C.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf381

Title: Measurements of Tropospheric Ice Clouds with a Ground-based CMB Polarization Experiment, POLARBEAR

Journal Article · Mon Jan 14 00:00:00 UTC 2019 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf381 · OSTI ID:1544079

;

; Akiba, Y.;

; Baccigalupi, C.;

; Beck, D.;

; Boettger, D.; Borrill, J.; Cheung, K.;

; Elleflot, T.; Errard, J.;

; Feng, C.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Hamada, T.;

; Hazumi, M. more »

The polarization of the atmosphere has been a constant concern for ground-based experiments targeting cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds scatter thermal radiation from the ground and produce a horizontally polarized signal. We report a detailed analysis of the cloud signal using a ground-based CMB experiment, Polarbear, located at the Atacama desert in Chile and observing at 150 GHz. We determine horizontally polarized temporal increases of low-frequency fluctuations ("polarized bursts," hereafter) of ≲0.1 K when clouds appear in a webcam monitoring the telescope and the sky. The hypothesis of no correlation between polarized bursts and clouds is rejected with >24σ statistical significance using three years of data. We report many other possibilities including instrumental and environmental effects, and find no reasons other than clouds that can explain the data better. We additionally discuss the impact of the cloud polarization on future ground-based CMB polarization experiments.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Contributing Organization:: POLARBEAR collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1544079

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 870; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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