Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs
Abstract
Due to its chemical stability, titania (TiO2) thin films increasingly have significant impact when applied as passivation layers. However, optimization of growth conditions, key to achieving essential film quality and effectiveness, is challenging in the few-nanometers thickness regime. Furthermore, the atomic-scale structure of the nominally amorphous titania coating layers, particularly when applied to nanostructured supports, is difficult to probe. In this Letter, the quality of titania layers grown on ZnO nanowires is optimized using specific strategies for processing of the nanowire cores prior to titania coating. The best approach, low-pressure O2 plasma treatment, results in significantly more-uniform titania films and a conformal coating. Characterization using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) reveals the titania layer to be highly amorphous, with features in the Ti spectra significantly different from those observed for bulk TiO2 polymorphs. Analysis based on first-principles calculations suggests that the titania shell contains a substantial fraction of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions. The best match to the experimental XANES spectrum is achieved with a “glassy” TiO2 model that contains ~50% of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions, in contrast to bulk crystalline TiO2 that only contains 6-coordinated Ti4+ ions in octahedral sites.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1]
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)
- Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1543400
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-211857-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nano Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Yan, Danhua, Topsakal, Mehmet, Selcuk, Sencer, Lyons, John L., Zhang, Wenrui, Wu, Qiyuan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Stavitski, Eli, Attenkofer, Klaus, Yoo, Shinjae, Hybertsen, Mark S., Lu, Deyu, Stacchiola, Dario J., and Liu, Mingzhao. Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04888.
Yan, Danhua, Topsakal, Mehmet, Selcuk, Sencer, Lyons, John L., Zhang, Wenrui, Wu, Qiyuan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Stavitski, Eli, Attenkofer, Klaus, Yoo, Shinjae, Hybertsen, Mark S., Lu, Deyu, Stacchiola, Dario J., & Liu, Mingzhao. Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04888
Yan, Danhua, Topsakal, Mehmet, Selcuk, Sencer, Lyons, John L., Zhang, Wenrui, Wu, Qiyuan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Stavitski, Eli, Attenkofer, Klaus, Yoo, Shinjae, Hybertsen, Mark S., Lu, Deyu, Stacchiola, Dario J., and Liu, Mingzhao. Tue .
"Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04888. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543400.
@article{osti_1543400,
title = {Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs},
author = {Yan, Danhua and Topsakal, Mehmet and Selcuk, Sencer and Lyons, John L. and Zhang, Wenrui and Wu, Qiyuan and Waluyo, Iradwikanari and Stavitski, Eli and Attenkofer, Klaus and Yoo, Shinjae and Hybertsen, Mark S. and Lu, Deyu and Stacchiola, Dario J. and Liu, Mingzhao},
abstractNote = {Due to its chemical stability, titania (TiO2) thin films increasingly have significant impact when applied as passivation layers. However, optimization of growth conditions, key to achieving essential film quality and effectiveness, is challenging in the few-nanometers thickness regime. Furthermore, the atomic-scale structure of the nominally amorphous titania coating layers, particularly when applied to nanostructured supports, is difficult to probe. In this Letter, the quality of titania layers grown on ZnO nanowires is optimized using specific strategies for processing of the nanowire cores prior to titania coating. The best approach, low-pressure O2 plasma treatment, results in significantly more-uniform titania films and a conformal coating. Characterization using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) reveals the titania layer to be highly amorphous, with features in the Ti spectra significantly different from those observed for bulk TiO2 polymorphs. Analysis based on first-principles calculations suggests that the titania shell contains a substantial fraction of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions. The best match to the experimental XANES spectrum is achieved with a “glassy” TiO2 model that contains ~50% of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions, in contrast to bulk crystalline TiO2 that only contains 6-coordinated Ti4+ ions in octahedral sites.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04888},
journal = {Nano Letters},
number = 6,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Figure 1: (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of as grown ZnO nanowires (ZnO-ag). (Inset) High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of an as grown ZnO nanowire. (b) Polarization curves of ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 nanowire photoanodes under simulated AM1.5 illumination, in an aqueous electrolyte of 0.1 M KOH. Themore »
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