Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots
Abstract
Electrostatic confinement of charge carriers in graphene is governed by Klein tunnelling, a relativistic quantum process in which particle-hole transmutation leads to unusual anisotropic transmission at p-n junction boundaries. Reflection and transmission at these boundaries affect the quantum interference of electronic waves, enabling the formation of novel quasi-bound states. Here we report the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy to map the electronic structure of Dirac fermions confined in quantum dots defined by circular graphene p-n junctions. The quantum dots were fabricated using a technique involving local manipulation of defect charge within the insulating substrate beneath a graphene monolayer. Inside such graphene quantum dots we observe resonances due to quasi-bound states and directly visualize the quantum interference patterns arising from these states. Outside the quantum dots Dirac fermions exhibit Friedel oscillation-like behaviour. Bolstered by a theoretical model describing relativistic particles in a harmonic oscillator potential, our findings yield insights into the spatial behaviour of electrostatically confined Dirac fermions.
- Authors:
-
[4];
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1530257
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; DMR-1231319
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Lee, Juwon, Wong, Dillon, Velasco Jr, Jairo, Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F., Kahn, Salman, Tsai, Hsin-Zon, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Zettl, Alex, Wang, Feng, Levitov, Leonid S., and Crommie, Michael F. Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1038/nphys3805.
Lee, Juwon, Wong, Dillon, Velasco Jr, Jairo, Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F., Kahn, Salman, Tsai, Hsin-Zon, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Zettl, Alex, Wang, Feng, Levitov, Leonid S., & Crommie, Michael F. Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3805
Lee, Juwon, Wong, Dillon, Velasco Jr, Jairo, Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F., Kahn, Salman, Tsai, Hsin-Zon, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Zettl, Alex, Wang, Feng, Levitov, Leonid S., and Crommie, Michael F. Mon .
"Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3805. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1530257.
@article{osti_1530257,
title = {Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots},
author = {Lee, Juwon and Wong, Dillon and Velasco Jr, Jairo and Rodriguez-Nieva, Joaquin F. and Kahn, Salman and Tsai, Hsin-Zon and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Zettl, Alex and Wang, Feng and Levitov, Leonid S. and Crommie, Michael F.},
abstractNote = {Electrostatic confinement of charge carriers in graphene is governed by Klein tunnelling, a relativistic quantum process in which particle-hole transmutation leads to unusual anisotropic transmission at p-n junction boundaries. Reflection and transmission at these boundaries affect the quantum interference of electronic waves, enabling the formation of novel quasi-bound states. Here we report the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy to map the electronic structure of Dirac fermions confined in quantum dots defined by circular graphene p-n junctions. The quantum dots were fabricated using a technique involving local manipulation of defect charge within the insulating substrate beneath a graphene monolayer. Inside such graphene quantum dots we observe resonances due to quasi-bound states and directly visualize the quantum interference patterns arising from these states. Outside the quantum dots Dirac fermions exhibit Friedel oscillation-like behaviour. Bolstered by a theoretical model describing relativistic particles in a harmonic oscillator potential, our findings yield insights into the spatial behaviour of electrostatically confined Dirac fermions.},
doi = {10.1038/nphys3805},
journal = {Nature Physics},
number = 11,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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