Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials

Abstract

Abstract Three new low melting compositions have been developed based on the ingredients amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate, 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5‐amino‐tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (V D =8.78–9.0 km/s, P CJ =28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOD
OSTI Identifier:
1514955
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1402522
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-25863
Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 43; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; ionic liquid; energetic material; melt cast; tetrazole; ammonium nitrate

Citation Formats

Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.
Copy to clipboard
Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., & Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700183
Copy to clipboard
Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Tue . "Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700183. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1514955.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1514955,
title = {Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials},
author = {Leonard, Philip W. and Chavez, David E. and Bowden, Patrick R. and Francois, Elizabeth G.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Three new low melting compositions have been developed based on the ingredients amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate, 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5‐amino‐tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (V D =8.78–9.0 km/s, P CJ =28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.},
doi = {10.1002/prep.201700183},
journal = {Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics},
number = 1,
volume = 43,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Tue Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700183
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 6 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Ingredients used in this study
All figures and tables (6 total)
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Energized nitro-substituted azoles through ether bridges
journal, January 2015

  • Tang, Yongxing; He, Chunlin; Gao, Haixiang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5TA03884G

Review on Melt Cast Explosives
journal, October 2011

  • Ravi, Pasupala; Badgujar, Dilip M.; Gore, Girish M.
  • Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 36, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/prep.201100047

Melt-cast materials: combining the advantages of highly nitrated azoles and open-chain nitramines
journal, January 2016

  • Klapötke, Thomas M.; Penger, Alexander; Pflüger, Carolin
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 40, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6NJ00202A

Ecotoxicological assessment of a high energetic and insensitive munitions compound: 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)
journal, November 2013

The nitration of 5-aminotetrazole
journal, August 1953

  • Herbst, Robert M.; Garrison, James A.
  • The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/jo50014a007

Basicity and structure of 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives
journal, January 1967

  • Bagal, L. I.; Pevzner, M. S.; Lopyrev, V. A.
  • Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF00742379

Synthesis and properties of 1,5-diaminotetrazole
journal, December 1984

  • Gaponik, P. N.; Karavai, V. P.
  • Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 20, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF00505966

Energetic, Low-Melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles
journal, August 2003

  • Drake, Gregory; Hawkins, Tommy; Brand, Adam
  • Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 28, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/prep.200300002

New Compounds. Salts of 5-Aminotetrazole
journal, December 1952

  • Henry, Ronald
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 74, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja01144a035

Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of guanidinium 5-amino tetrazolate
journal, April 2014

    Sort by:
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Efficient synthesis of N -methyltetranitropyrrole: A stable, insensitive and high energy melt-castable material
    journal, January 2019

    • Thaltiri, Vikranth; Chavva, Kurumurthy; Kumar, B. Sathish
    • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 31
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01227c
      Sort by:
      [ × clear filter / sort ]

      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Figure 1 (p. 2)figure
      Table 1 (p. 3)table
      Table 2 (p. 3)table
      Table 3 (p. 3)table
      Figure 2 (p. 4)figure
      Table 4 (p. 4)table
        [ × clear filter / sort ]
        Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

        Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections: