Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis

Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve; Hufkens, Koen; Klosterman, Stephen; Sonnentag, Oliver; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Biraud, Sebastien C.; Bohrer, Gil; Brzostek, Edward; Burns, Sean P.; Coursolle, Carole; Hollinger, David Y.; Margolis, Hank A.; McCaughey, Harry; Monson, Russell K.; Munger, J. William; Pallardy, Stephen; Phillips, Richard P.; Torn, Margaret S.; Wharton, Sonia; Zeri, Marcelo; Richardson, Andrew D.

doi:10.1890/14-0005.1

Title: Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2015 · Ecological Applications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1 · OSTI ID:1512110

Toomey, Michael ^[1]; Friedl, Mark A. ^[2]; Frolking, Steve ^[3]; Hufkens, Koen ^[4]; Klosterman, Stephen ^[1]; Sonnentag, Oliver ^[5]; Baldocchi, Dennis D. ^[6]; Bernacchi, Carl J. ^[7]; Biraud, Sebastien C. ^[8]; Bohrer, Gil ^[9]; Brzostek, Edward ^[10]; Burns, Sean P. ^[11]; Coursolle, Carole ^[12]; Hollinger, David Y. ^[13]; Margolis, Hank A. ^[12]; McCaughey, Harry ^[14]; Monson, Russell K. ^[15]; Munger, J. William ^[1]; Pallardy, Stephen ^[16]; Phillips, Richard P. ^[10] more »

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Boston Univ., MA (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Ghent Univ., Ghent (Belgium)
Univ. de Montreal, Montreal Quebec (Canada)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)., Ames, IA (United States). National Lab. for Agriculture and the Environment; Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. Laval, Quebec City, Quebec (Canada)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Durham, NH (United States)
Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ontario (Canada)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Centro de Ciencia do Sistema Terrestre, Insti. Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

The proliferation of digital cameras co-located with eddy covariance instrumentation provides new opportunities to better understand the relationship between canopy phenology and the seasonality of canopy photosynthesis. In this paper we analyze the abilities and limitations of canopy color metrics measured by digital repeat photography to track seasonal canopy development and photosynthesis, determine phenological transition dates, and estimate intra-annual and interannual variability in canopy photosynthesis. Here, we used 59 site-years of camera imagery and net ecosystem exchange measurements from 17 towers spanning three plant functional types (deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen needleleaf forest, and grassland/crops) to derive color indices and estimate gross primary productivity (GPP). GPP was strongly correlated with greenness derived from camera imagery in all three plant functional types. Specifically, the beginning of the photosynthetic period in deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland/crops and the end of the photosynthetic period in grassland/crops were both correlated with changes in greenness; changes in redness were correlated with the end of the photosynthetic period in deciduous broadleaf forest. However, it was not possible to accurately identify the beginning or ending of the photosynthetic period using camera greenness in evergreen needleleaf forest. At deciduous broadleaf sites, anomalies in integrated greenness and total GPP were significantly correlated up to 60 days after the mean onset date for the start of spring. More generally, results from this work demonstrate that digital repeat photography can be used to quantify both the duration of the photosynthetically active period as well as total GPP in deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland/crops, but that new and different approaches are required before comparable results can be achieved in evergreen needleleaf forest.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1512110

Journal Information:: Ecological Applications, Journal Name: Ecological Applications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 25; ISSN 1051-0761

Publisher:: Ecological Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
PhenoCam
deciduous broad leaf forest
digital repeat photography
evergreen needle leaf forest
grassland
gross primary productivity
phenology
photosynthesis
seasonality

Appendix C. Scatter plots of daily GPP vs. GCC for all deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) and grassland (GRS) sites, listed by plant functional type. Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3520367 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2016
Appendix B. Time series of daily gross primary productivity (GPP) and green chromatic coordinate (GCC) for all deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) and grassland (GRS) sites, listed by plant functional type. Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3520370 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2016
Appendix B. Time series of daily gross primary productivity (GPP) and green chromatic coordinate (GCC) for all deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) and grassland (GRS) sites, listed by plant functional type. Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3520370.v1 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2016
Appendix A. Map of PhenoCam sites. Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3520373 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2016
Appendix A. Map of PhenoCam sites. Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3520373.v1 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2016
Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis Toomey, Michael; Friedl, Mark A.; Frolking, Steve https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3296678 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2016