Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser
Abstract
We propose here a novel mechanism for a nonequilibrium phase transition in a $U(1)$-broken phase of an electron-hole-photon system, from a Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons to a photon laser, induced by the non-Hermitian nature of the condensate. We show that a (uniform) steady state of the condensate can always be classified into two types, namely, arising either from lower or upper-branch polaritons. We prove (for a general model) and demonstrate (for a particular model of polaritons) that an exceptional point where the two types coalesce marks the end point of a first-order-like phase boundary between the two types, similar to a critical point in a liquid-gas phase transition. Since the phase transition found in this paper is not in general triggered by population inversion, our result implies that the second threshold observed in experiments is not necessarily a strong-to-weak-coupling transition, contrary to the widely believed understanding. Although our calculation mainly aims to clarify polariton physics, our discussion is applicable to general driven-dissipative condensates composed of two complex fields.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). James Franck Inst. Dept. of Physics; Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Dept. of Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). James Franck Inst. Dept. of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
- Keio Univ., Yokohama (Japan). Dept. of Physics
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan); Keio Univ., Yokohama (Japan)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (Japan)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1542179
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1511515
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; 17J01238; JP18K11345; JP18H05406; JP16K05503
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Citation Formats
Hanai, Ryo, Edelman, Alexander, Ohashi, Yoji, and Littlewood, Peter B. Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301.
Hanai, Ryo, Edelman, Alexander, Ohashi, Yoji, & Littlewood, Peter B. Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301
Hanai, Ryo, Edelman, Alexander, Ohashi, Yoji, and Littlewood, Peter B. Wed .
"Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1542179.
@article{osti_1542179,
title = {Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser},
author = {Hanai, Ryo and Edelman, Alexander and Ohashi, Yoji and Littlewood, Peter B.},
abstractNote = {We propose here a novel mechanism for a nonequilibrium phase transition in a $U(1)$-broken phase of an electron-hole-photon system, from a Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons to a photon laser, induced by the non-Hermitian nature of the condensate. We show that a (uniform) steady state of the condensate can always be classified into two types, namely, arising either from lower or upper-branch polaritons. We prove (for a general model) and demonstrate (for a particular model of polaritons) that an exceptional point where the two types coalesce marks the end point of a first-order-like phase boundary between the two types, similar to a critical point in a liquid-gas phase transition. Since the phase transition found in this paper is not in general triggered by population inversion, our result implies that the second threshold observed in experiments is not necessarily a strong-to-weak-coupling transition, contrary to the widely believed understanding. Although our calculation mainly aims to clarify polariton physics, our discussion is applicable to general driven-dissipative condensates composed of two complex fields.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 18,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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