Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) Analyses of the Composition and Minting of Ancient Judaean “Biblical” Coins
Abstract
TOF-ND elastic scattering of thermal neutrons offers some important advantages over X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and metallography for the study of archaeological and numismatic problems. Traditional analytical methods are usually destructive and often probe only the surface. Neutrons deeply penetrate samples, simultaneously giving nondestructive bulk information about the crystal structure, composition, and texture (alignment of crystallites) from which thermomechanical manufacturing processes (e.g., cast, struck, or rolled) may be inferred. An analysis of the metal composition and minting processes used for making ancient Judaean bronze and leaded bronze coins from first century BCE and CE is used as a case study. One of the first ND analyses of the temperature used for striking bronze coins is also presented.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[3]
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- American Numismatic Society, New York, NY (United States)
- Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1509546
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2019; Journal Issue: N/A; Journal ID: ISSN 2090-8865
- Publisher:
- Hindawi
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Nagler, Stephen E., Stoica, Alexandru D., Stoica, Grigoreta M., An, Ke, Skorpenske, Harley D., Rios, Orlando, Hendin, David B., and Bower, Nathan W. Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) Analyses of the Composition and Minting of Ancient Judaean “Biblical” Coins. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1155/2019/6164058.
Nagler, Stephen E., Stoica, Alexandru D., Stoica, Grigoreta M., An, Ke, Skorpenske, Harley D., Rios, Orlando, Hendin, David B., & Bower, Nathan W. Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) Analyses of the Composition and Minting of Ancient Judaean “Biblical” Coins. United States. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6164058
Nagler, Stephen E., Stoica, Alexandru D., Stoica, Grigoreta M., An, Ke, Skorpenske, Harley D., Rios, Orlando, Hendin, David B., and Bower, Nathan W. Sun .
"Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) Analyses of the Composition and Minting of Ancient Judaean “Biblical” Coins". United States. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6164058. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1509546.
@article{osti_1509546,
title = {Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND) Analyses of the Composition and Minting of Ancient Judaean “Biblical” Coins},
author = {Nagler, Stephen E. and Stoica, Alexandru D. and Stoica, Grigoreta M. and An, Ke and Skorpenske, Harley D. and Rios, Orlando and Hendin, David B. and Bower, Nathan W.},
abstractNote = {TOF-ND elastic scattering of thermal neutrons offers some important advantages over X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and metallography for the study of archaeological and numismatic problems. Traditional analytical methods are usually destructive and often probe only the surface. Neutrons deeply penetrate samples, simultaneously giving nondestructive bulk information about the crystal structure, composition, and texture (alignment of crystallites) from which thermomechanical manufacturing processes (e.g., cast, struck, or rolled) may be inferred. An analysis of the metal composition and minting processes used for making ancient Judaean bronze and leaded bronze coins from first century BCE and CE is used as a case study. One of the first ND analyses of the temperature used for striking bronze coins is also presented.},
doi = {10.1155/2019/6164058},
journal = {Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry},
number = N/A,
volume = 2019,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Sun Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 3 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Applications of TOF neutron diffraction in archaeometry
journal, March 2006
- Kockelmann, W.; Siano, S.; Bartoli, L.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 83, Issue 2
The Cu–Sn phase diagram, Part I: New experimental results
journal, March 2013
- Fürtauer, S.; Li, D.; Cupid, D.
- Intermetallics, Vol. 34
Compositional and microstructural characterization of Celtic silver coins from northern Italy using neutron diffraction analysis
journal, May 2016
- Corsi, J.; Grazzi, F.; Lo Giudice, A.
- Microchemical Journal, Vol. 126
First In Situ Lattice Strains Measurements Under Load at VULCAN
journal, October 2010
- An, Ke; Skorpenske, Harley D.; Stoica, Alexandru D.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 1
Extracting grain-orientation-dependent data from in situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction. I. Inverse pole figures
journal, November 2014
- Stoica, G. M.; Stoica, A. D.; An, K.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 47, Issue 6
The Tax Law of Palmyra: Evidence for Economic History in a City of the Roman East
journal, November 1984
- Matthews, J. F.
- Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 74
Non-destructive Phase Analysis of Archaeological Ceramics using TOF Neutron Diffraction
journal, February 2001
- Kockelmann, W.; Kirfel, A.; Hähnel, E.
- Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Micro-mechanical aspects of texture evolution in nickel and nickel–cobalt alloys: role of stacking fault energy
journal, September 2016
- Madhavan, R.; Ray, R. K.; Suwas, S.
- Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 96, Issue 30
VULCAN—The engineering diffractometer at the SNS
journal, November 2006
- Wang, X. -L.; Holden, T. M.; Rennich, G. Q.
- Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 385-386
Preferred orientations in cast metals
journal, May 2005
- Spittle, J. A.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 5
New insights into the manufacturing technique and corrosion of high leaded antique bronze coins
journal, May 2016
- Griesser, M.; Kockelmann, W.; Hradil, K.
- Microchemical Journal, Vol. 126
Strain hardening regimes and microstructural evolution during large strain compression of low stacking fault energy fcc alloys that form deformation twins
journal, September 1997
- Asgari, Sirous; El-Danaf, Ehab; Kalidindi, Surya R.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 28, Issue 9
The lattice parameter of α-bronzes as a function of solute content: application to archaeological materials
journal, February 2005
- Sidot, E.; Kahn-Harari, A.; Cesari, E.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 393, Issue 1-2
Characterization of bronze Roman coins of the fifth century called nummi through different analytical techniques
journal, May 2013
- Canovaro, Caterina; Calliari, Irene; Asolati, Michele
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 113, Issue 4
Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections
journal, January 1992
- Sears, Varley F.
- Neutron News, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Texture and anisotropy
journal, July 2004
- Wenk, H-R; Houtte, P. Van
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 8
Texture formation in metal alloys with cubic crystal structures
journal, January 2016
- Kestens, L. A. I.; Pirgazi, H.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 13
Crystallographic texture analysis of archaeological metals: interpretation of manufacturing techniques
journal, August 2007
- Artioli, G.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 89, Issue 4
PIND: High spatial resolution by pinhole neutron diffraction
journal, June 2018
- Wu, Wei; Stoica, Alexandru D.; Berry, Kevin D.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 25
From Koto age to modern times: Quantitative characterization of Japanese swords with Time of Flight Neutron Diffraction
journal, January 2011
- Grazzi, F.; Bartoli, L.; Civita, F.
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Preliminary neutron diffraction study of two fenestrated axes from the ‘Enot Shuni' Bronze Age cemetery (Israel)
journal, December 2009
- Caspi, El'ad N.; Ettedgui, Hanania; Rivin, Oleg
- Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 36, Issue 12
Non-invasive in-situ analysis of a wreath of gold leaves from the National Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy
journal, October 2018
- Buccolieri, Alessandro; Degl'Innocenti, Eva; Cesareo, Roberto
- Measurement, Vol. 126
Quantitative multiphase analysis of archaeological bronzes by neutron diffraction
journal, December 2002
- Siano, S.; Kockelmann, W.; Bafile, U.
- Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 74, Issue 0
Neutron scattering material analysis of Bronze Age metal artefacts
journal, February 2008
- Cartechini, L.; Arletti, R.; Rinaldi, R.
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 20, Issue 10
Non-Destructive Investigation of Bronze Artefacts from the Marches National Museum of Archaeology Using Neutron Diffraction*
journal, January 2006
- Siano, S.; Bartoli, L.; Santisteban, J. R.
- Archaeometry, Vol. 48, Issue 1
A multi-technique investigation of the incuse coinage of Magna Graecia
journal, August 2018
- Salvemini, F.; Sheedy, K.; Olsen, S. R.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Vol. 20
Texture Evolution and Phase Transformation in Titanium Investigated by In-Situ Neutron Diffraction
journal, March 2011
- Ma, D.; Stoica, A. D.; An, K.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Metallurgical and Technological Investigation on Augustean Auxiliary Coins from Thraco-Moesia
journal, April 2011
- Calliari, Irene; Magrini, Maurizio; Martini, Rodolfo
- ArchéoSciences, Issue 35
EXPGUI , a graphical user interface for GSAS
journal, April 2001
- Toby, Brian H.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 34, Issue 2
A suite-level review of the neutron powder diffraction instruments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
journal, September 2018
- Calder, S.; An, K.; Boehler, R.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 9
Casting technology of Renaissance bronze statuettes: the use of TOF-neutron diffraction for studying afterwork of Renaissance casting techniques
journal, January 2011
- van Langh, R.; Bartoli, L.; Santisteban, J.
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Portable EDXRF investigation of the patinas on the Riace Bronzes
journal, January 2015
- Buccolieri, Giovanni; Buccolieri, Alessandro; Donati, Paola
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 343
New insights into alloy compositions: studying Renaissance bronze statuettes by combined neutron imaging and neutron diffraction techniques
journal, January 2011
- van Langh, Robert; James, Jon; Burca, Genoveva
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 26, Issue 5
In-situ residual stress analysis during annealing treatments using neutron diffraction in combination with a novel furnace design
journal, November 2016
- Aba-Perea, P. E.; Pirling, T.; Preuss, M.
- Materials & Design, Vol. 110
Pontius Pilate — An Aqueduct Builder? — Recent Findings and New Suggestions
journal, January 2000
- LÖNnqvist, Kenneth
- Klio, Vol. 82, Issue 2
A Second Investigation into the Chemical Composition of the Roman Provincial (Procuratorial) Coinage of Judaea, AD 6-66*
journal, February 2003
- Lonnqvist, K. K. A.
- Archaeometry, Vol. 45, Issue 1
Effect of Strain Rate on Evolution of the Deformation Microstructure and Texture in Polycrystalline Copper and Nickel
journal, July 2010
- Gurao, Nilesh P.; Kapoor, Rajeev; Suwas, Satyam
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 41, Issue 11
Evaluation of segregation in Roman sestertius coins
journal, October 2017
- Herringer, Susan N.; Ryzewski, Krysta; Bilheux, Hassina Z.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 3
Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Dynamically Deformed Cu using the Theories of Crystal Plasticity
journal, January 2017
- Chandra, Sagar; Samal, M. K.; Chavan, V. M.
- Procedia Engineering, Vol. 173
Chemical Attribution of Corroded Coins Using X-ray Fluorescence and Lead Isotope Ratios: A Case Study from First Century Judaea
journal, April 2010
- Epstein, Michael S.; Hendin, David B.; Yu, Lee L.
- Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 64, Issue 4
FCC Rolling Textures Reviewed in the Light of Quantitative Comparisons between Simulated and Experimental Textures
journal, June 2014
- Wierzbanowski, Krzysztof; Wroński, Marcin; Leffers, Torben
- Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol. 39, Issue 6
A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures
journal, June 1969
- Rietveld, H. M.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 2, Issue 2, p. 65-71
MC-ICP-MS analyses of tin isotopes in Roman-era bronze coins reveal temporal and spatial variation: MC-ICP-MS analyses of tin isotopes in Roman-era bronze coins
journal, January 2019
- Bower, N. W.; Lundstrom, C. C.; Hendin, D. B.
- Archaeometry, Vol. 61, Issue 4
Neutron diffraction analyses of Bronze Age swords from the Alpine region: Benchmarking neutron diffraction against laboratory methods
journal, August 2018
- Mödlinger, M.; Godfrey, E.; Kockelmann, W.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Vol. 20
NON-DESTRUCTIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF OLD SOUTH ARABIAN COINS, FOURTH CENTURY BCE TO THIRD CENTURY CE: Non-destructive chemical analysis of Old South Arabian coins
journal, April 2011
- Kirfel, A.; Kockelmann, W.; Yule, P.
- Archaeometry, Vol. 53, Issue 5
“Biblical” bronze coins: new insights into their timing and attribution using copper and lead isotopes
journal, December 2012
- Bower, Nathan W.; Hendin, David B.; Lundstrom, Craig C.
- Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Non-destructive Phase Analysis of Archaeological Ceramics using TOF Neutron Diffraction
journal, February 2001
- Kockelmann, W.; Kirfel, A.; Hähnel, E.
- Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Applications of TOF neutron diffraction in archaeometry
journal, March 2006
- Kockelmann, W.; Siano, S.; Bartoli, L.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 83, Issue 2
Crystallographic texture analysis of archaeological metals: interpretation of manufacturing techniques
journal, August 2007
- Artioli, G.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 89, Issue 4
Characterization of bronze Roman coins of the fifth century called nummi through different analytical techniques
journal, May 2013
- Canovaro, Caterina; Calliari, Irene; Asolati, Michele
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 113, Issue 4
Quantitative multiphase analysis of archaeological bronzes by neutron diffraction
journal, December 2002
- Siano, S.; Kockelmann, W.; Bafile, U.
- Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 74, Issue 0
Evaluation of segregation in Roman sestertius coins
journal, October 2017
- Herringer, Susan N.; Ryzewski, Krysta; Bilheux, Hassina Z.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 3
Effect of Strain Rate on Evolution of the Deformation Microstructure and Texture in Polycrystalline Copper and Nickel
journal, July 2010
- Gurao, Nilesh P.; Kapoor, Rajeev; Suwas, Satyam
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 41, Issue 11
Strain hardening regimes and microstructural evolution during large strain compression of low stacking fault energy fcc alloys that form deformation twins
journal, September 1997
- Asgari, Sirous; El-Danaf, Ehab; Kalidindi, Surya R.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 28, Issue 9
“Biblical” bronze coins: new insights into their timing and attribution using copper and lead isotopes
journal, December 2012
- Bower, Nathan W.; Hendin, David B.; Lundstrom, Craig C.
- Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 4
The Cu–Sn phase diagram, Part I: New experimental results
journal, March 2013
- Fürtauer, S.; Li, D.; Cupid, D.
- Intermetallics, Vol. 34
Preliminary neutron diffraction study of two fenestrated axes from the ‘Enot Shuni' Bronze Age cemetery (Israel)
journal, December 2009
- Caspi, El'ad N.; Ettedgui, Hanania; Rivin, Oleg
- Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 36, Issue 12
Neutron diffraction analyses of Bronze Age swords from the Alpine region: Benchmarking neutron diffraction against laboratory methods
journal, August 2018
- Mödlinger, M.; Godfrey, E.; Kockelmann, W.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Vol. 20
A multi-technique investigation of the incuse coinage of Magna Graecia
journal, August 2018
- Salvemini, F.; Sheedy, K.; Olsen, S. R.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Vol. 20
Non-invasive in-situ analysis of a wreath of gold leaves from the National Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy
journal, October 2018
- Buccolieri, Alessandro; Degl'Innocenti, Eva; Cesareo, Roberto
- Measurement, Vol. 126
New insights into the manufacturing technique and corrosion of high leaded antique bronze coins
journal, May 2016
- Griesser, M.; Kockelmann, W.; Hradil, K.
- Microchemical Journal, Vol. 126
Portable EDXRF investigation of the patinas on the Riace Bronzes
journal, January 2015
- Buccolieri, Giovanni; Buccolieri, Alessandro; Donati, Paola
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 343
VULCAN—The engineering diffractometer at the SNS
journal, November 2006
- Wang, X. -L.; Holden, T. M.; Rennich, G. Q.
- Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 385-386
Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Dynamically Deformed Cu using the Theories of Crystal Plasticity
journal, January 2017
- Chandra, Sagar; Samal, M. K.; Chavan, V. M.
- Procedia Engineering, Vol. 173
Texture analysis of ancient coins with TOF neutron diffraction
journal, May 2004
- Xie, Yanxia; Lutterotti, L.; Wenk, H. R.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 39, Issue 10
Integrated X-ray and neutron-based analysis of bronze artefacts from the Ligurian settlement of Guardamonte-Monte Vallassa
journal, January 2011
- Cattaneo, Roberta; Trerè, Cristina Chiaramonte; Mordeglia, Lucia
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 26, Issue 5
PIND: High spatial resolution by pinhole neutron diffraction
journal, June 2018
- Wu, Wei; Stoica, Alexandru D.; Berry, Kevin D.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 25
Texture formation in metal alloys with cubic crystal structures
journal, January 2016
- Kestens, L. A. I.; Pirgazi, H.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 13
FCC Rolling Textures Reviewed in the Light of Quantitative Comparisons between Simulated and Experimental Textures
journal, June 2014
- Wierzbanowski, Krzysztof; Wroński, Marcin; Leffers, Torben
- Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol. 39, Issue 6
Neutron scattering material analysis of Bronze Age metal artefacts
journal, February 2008
- Cartechini, L.; Arletti, R.; Rinaldi, R.
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 20, Issue 10
Pontius Pilate — An Aqueduct Builder? — Recent Findings and New Suggestions
journal, January 2000
- LÖNnqvist, Kenneth
- Klio, Vol. 82, Issue 2