The Impact of Divalent Cations on the Enrichment of Soluble Saccharides in Primary Sea Spray Aerosol

Schill, Steven R.; Burrows, Susannah M.; Hasenecz, Elias A.; Stone, Elizabeth A.; Bertram, Timothy H.

doi:10.3390/atmos9120476

Title: The Impact of Divalent Cations on the Enrichment of Soluble Saccharides in Primary Sea Spray Aerosol

Journal Article · 04 December 2018 · Atmosphere (Basel)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120476 · OSTI ID:1494918

Schill, Steven R. ^[1]; Burrows, Susannah M. ^[2]; Hasenecz, Elias A. ^[3]; Stone, Elizabeth A. ^[3];

^[4]

University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Field measurements have shown that sub-micrometer sea spray aerosol (SSA) is significantly enriched in organic material, of which a large fraction has been attributed to soluble saccharides. Existing mechanistic models of SSA production struggle to replicate the observed enhancement of soluble organic material. Here, we assess the role for divalent cation mediated co-adsorption of charged surfactants and saccharides in the enrichment of soluble organic material in SSA. Using measurements of particle supersaturated hygroscopicity, we calculate organic volume fractions for molecular mimics of SSA generated from a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank. Large enhancements in SSA organic volume fractions (X_org > 0.2) were observed for 50 nm dry diameter (d_p) particles in experiments where cooperative ionic interactions were favorable (e.g., palmitic acid, Mg²⁺, and glucuronic acid) at seawater total organic carbon concentrations (<1.15 mM C) and ocean pH. Significantly smaller SSA organic volume fractions (X_org < 1.5 × 10^-3) were derived from direct measurements of soluble saccharide concentrations in collected SSA with dry diameters <250 nm, suggesting that organic enrichment is strongly size dependent. The results presented here indicate that divalent cation mediated co-adsorption of soluble organics to insoluble surfactants at the ocean surface may contribute to the enrichment of soluble saccharides in SSA. The extent to which this mechanism explains the observed enhancement of saccharides in nascent SSA depends strongly on the concentration, speciation, and charge of surfactants and saccharides in the sea surface microlayer.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1494918

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--140085

Journal Information:: Atmosphere (Basel), Journal Name: Atmosphere (Basel) Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 9; ISSN 2073-4433; ISSN ATMOCZ

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: The Impact of Divalent Cations on the Enrichment of Soluble Saccharides in Primary Sea Spray Aerosol

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