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Title: Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au-Si and Its Impact on Catalysis

Abstract

In situ transmission electron microscopy reveals that an atomically thin crystalline phase at the surface of liquid Au–Si is stable over an unexpectedly wide range of conditions. By measuring the surface structure as a function of liquid temperature and composition, a simple thermodynamic model is developed to explain the stability of the ordered phase. The presence of surface ordering plays a key role in the pathway by which the Au–Si eutectic solidifies and also dramatically affects the catalytic properties of the liquid, explaining the anomalously slow growth kinetics of Si nanowires at low temperature. A strategy to control the presence of the surface phase is discussed, using it as a tool in designing strategies for nanostructure growth.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY 10598 USA
  2. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY 10598 USA
  3. Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY 11973 USA
  4. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); European Research Council (ERC); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
OSTI Identifier:
1494373
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1484542; OSTI ID: 1514490
Report Number(s):
BNL-211597-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648; 1806544
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704; 279342; EP/K016636/1; EP/P005152/1
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Advanced Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Volume: 31 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 2D crystals; in situ transmission electron microscopy; metastable phases; nanowires; surface ordering

Citation Formats

Panciera, Federico, Tersoff, Jerry, Gamalski, Andrew D., Reuter, Mark C., Zakharov, Dmitri, Stach, Eric A., Hofmann, Stephan, and Ross, Frances M. Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au-Si and Its Impact on Catalysis. Germany: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1002/adma.201806544.
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Panciera, Federico, Tersoff, Jerry, Gamalski, Andrew D., Reuter, Mark C., Zakharov, Dmitri, Stach, Eric A., Hofmann, Stephan, & Ross, Frances M. Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au-Si and Its Impact on Catalysis. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806544
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Panciera, Federico, Tersoff, Jerry, Gamalski, Andrew D., Reuter, Mark C., Zakharov, Dmitri, Stach, Eric A., Hofmann, Stephan, and Ross, Frances M. Wed . "Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au-Si and Its Impact on Catalysis". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806544.
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@article{osti_1494373,
title = {Surface Crystallization of Liquid Au-Si and Its Impact on Catalysis},
author = {Panciera, Federico and Tersoff, Jerry and Gamalski, Andrew D. and Reuter, Mark C. and Zakharov, Dmitri and Stach, Eric A. and Hofmann, Stephan and Ross, Frances M.},
abstractNote = {In situ transmission electron microscopy reveals that an atomically thin crystalline phase at the surface of liquid Au–Si is stable over an unexpectedly wide range of conditions. By measuring the surface structure as a function of liquid temperature and composition, a simple thermodynamic model is developed to explain the stability of the ordered phase. The presence of surface ordering plays a key role in the pathway by which the Au–Si eutectic solidifies and also dramatically affects the catalytic properties of the liquid, explaining the anomalously slow growth kinetics of Si nanowires at low temperature. A strategy to control the presence of the surface phase is discussed, using it as a tool in designing strategies for nanostructure growth.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201806544},
journal = {Advanced Materials},
number = 5,
volume = 31,
place = {Germany},
year = {Wed Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806544
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 20 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Crystalline ordering at the surface of Au–Si liquid. a) The 2D surface phase on a 50 nm diameter droplet at 350 °C visualized by adding aberration-corrected subimages aligned to remove effects of drift. A crystalline bilayer is visible with interlayer spacing 0.35 nm (Table S1, Supporting Information). Themore » contrast visible over the entire liquid droplet is assumed to be a projection of ordering present on top and bottom surfaces. b) Surface ordering on a smaller 12 nm diameter droplet at 350 °C. Several 2D domains are visible separated by high-curvature boundaries. Thermal motion of the structure is shown in Movie S1 in the Supporting Information. c) Schematic summary of the evolution during cooling and heating, with insets showing one particular droplet during cooling. d) Image obtained during heating of a solid Au particle on Si. At the time shown, T = 360 °C and the Au has partially reacted with Si so that eutectic liquid covers part of its surface. Ordering is visible both on the liquid surface and on the (111) surface of the remaining solid Au. All scale bars are 2 nm.« less
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